Ch 2 The Chemistry of Life
A large molecule that consists of many identical or similar subunits, such as protein, DNA, or starch is a(n) ________________
Polymer
What term is used to describe reactions that can proceed in either direction?
Reversible
A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a slightly _______________ hydrogen atom of one molecule a slightly ______________ oxygen or nitrogen atom of another
positive........negative
The study of molecules and chemical reactions that occur in living cells
Biochemistry
A base is a compound that acts as a proton _____________
Acceptor
Solutions with a pH below 7 a re considered to be which of the following?
Acidic
Solutions with a pH below 7 are considered to be which of the following?
Acidic
What is an ion?
An atom that has gained or lost electrons
Metabolic reactions that use energy and build more complex molecules from less complex molecules are considered which type of reaction?
Anabolic
What is the term for an ion with a net negative charge (more electrons than protons)
Anion
Which of the following best describes what occurs in an exchange reaction?
Atoms are traded between molecules
A pH of 7.5 is considered to be which of the following?
Basic
Substances that resist changes in pH are known as ___________
Buffers
Which of the following is an example of a mineral?
Calcium
The _____________________ family of macromolecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio and include sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose
Carbohydrate
Which element is the foundation of biological molecules? (It is able to form a wide variety of compounds because it has four valence electrons)
Carbon
Which term refers to an attractive force caused by the sharing or transfer of electrons?
Chemical bond
Which term can apply to a molecule composed of two or more different elements?
Compound
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
Electron
An input of ________________ is required for a system to perform work
Energy
Groups of atoms that are added to carbon backbones and that give organic molecules a variety of unique properties are generally known as _______________ groups
Functional
Which monosaccharide is the monomer that forms glycogen and starch
Glucose
A starch molecule may contain thousands of smaller glucose subunits. What statement describes this?
Glucose is a monomer of starch
pH is a measurement of the concentration of what?
Hydrogen Ions
A chemical bond that involves that attraction of a cation to an anion is called a(n) _______________ bond
Ionic
Molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are example of ___________________________ because they are made of many repeating subunits
Macromolecules
The term __________________ refers to the sum of all the chemical reactions in the body
Metabolism
A ___________ consists of substances that are physically blended but not chemically bound
Mixture
Adding together the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule gives a value known as its __________________ weight
Molecular
What is the term to referring to simple sugar, or sugar monomer?
Monosaccharide
Which term applies to a solution with a pH of 7.0?
Neutral
The uncharged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom is a(n) ____________
Neutron
Isotopes differ from one another by containing different numbers of which subatomic particle?
Neutrons
A cation has a net ___________ charge
Positive
A(n) _____________ is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
Proton
What term refers to the positively charged particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom?
Proton
What best defines an acid?
Proton donor
What best describes a covalent bond?
Sharing of electrons between two atoms
Saltwater is a solution made out of NaCl (salt) dissolved in water. In this case, water is the solvent and NaCl is the ___________
Solute
A _________ is a defined as a substance consisting of a solute mixed with a more abundant substance called the solvent
Solution
Two amino acids are brought together to form a depicted. Which type of reaction is this?
Synthesis
T/F: A chemical reaction is a process in which a covalent or ionic bond is broken or formed
True
T/F: A molecule may be composed of one element or more than one element
True
T/F: To move so meting, one is required to do work
True
Disaccharides are composed of how many covalently-bonded simple sugars?
Two
Which of the terms below can be applied to glucose (C6H1206)
a. Molecule b. Compound