CH 20 A&P

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Which statement is accurate?

Filtration-ARTERIAL end, driven by HYDROSTATIC pressure

The left renal vein, right renal vein, right suprarenal vein, and right gonadal vein merge directly into the

INFERIOR vena cava

Circulation to the spleen demonstrates a(n)

SIMPLE pathway, as ONE artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ

The velocity of blood flow through capillaries is

SLOW, which allows sufficient time for exchange of gas and nutrients between blood and tissures

Tissue damage can trigger local release of histamine, which can

STIMULATE release of nitric oxide, a vasoDILATOR

At a capillary bed, the vasoconstrictor

STIMULATES precapillary sphincters and decreases local blood flow

Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?

SYSTEMIC VEINS

Which sequence indicates the correct pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the under appendage?

Subclavian-Axillary-Brachial-Ulnar

pulmonary veins carry blood toward the left atrium of the heart T/F

T

During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. What other blood flow changes occur?

blood flow to coronary vessels increases and flow to abdominal organs decreases

the radial and unlar veins fuse to form ____ veins; all of these veins are _____ veins.

brachial, deep

The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of the ______

breachiocephalic

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the ____ and the tissues of the body

capillaries

Valves in veins

cause venous blood to go only one direction

Blood velocity is measured in ____ and is generally____ related to total cross-sectional area of blood vessels

cm/second, inversely

The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the

common ILIAC arteries

umbilical arteries carry ______ blood

deoxygenated

Superior phrenic arteries supply the ____ and emerge from the _____

diaphragm, decending THORACIC aorta

the function of postcapillary venule is to

drain the capillary bed

the larges arteries of the bodies are classified as

elastic arteries

Which statement accurately compares filtration and reabsorption?

filtration involves VULK flow of fluid out of blood, whereas reabsorption is bulk flow back into blood

as a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins

get larger

as an arterial pathway moves further from the heart, the arteries

get smaller

What causes closure of the foramen ovale at birth?

higher pressure in the left atrium, which causes interatrial septum flaps to close

Systolic blood pressure is recorded

in ARTERIES and is the MAX pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction

Increased CO ____ the blood pressure

increases

The respiratory pump assists blood movement within the veins of the trunk, because as a person inspires

intra-abdominal pressure INCREASES and intrathoracic pressure DECREASES

Aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide have _____ effects on blood pressure

opposite

The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein when it

passes above the INGUINAL ligament

The arteries that anastomose and form the 2 arterial arches in the palm are the ____ and _____ arteries.

radial, ulnar

The ______ is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells

tunica MEDIA

A network of small arteries called the _____ provides a blood supply to the tunica externa of very large blood vessels

vasa vasorum

Atrial natiuretic peptide stimulates

vasoCONSTRICTION, increased urine output, and therefore INCREASED blood pressure

When physical exertion has ended and the body is at rest, veins demonstrate

vasoDILATION so they can function at blood RESIVOIRS

Angiotensin II causes

vasoconstriction, DECREASED urine formation, and increased thirst

Blood pressure is lowest in

veins

The inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the

TRANSVERSE colon, DESCENDING colon, SIGMOID colon, and rectum

Which fetal circulatory structure shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

Ductus asteriosus

The artery pair that supplies the lower limbs are

EXTERNAL iliac arteries

Which is the most common type of capillary

continuous

Which path of arteries would a blood cell follow on its way from the thigh to the foot?

femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, dosalis pedis

The branch of the external carotid that is responsible for supplying the teeth, gums, nasal cavity, and meninges is the _____ artery

maxillary

Net filtration pressure (NFP) is equal to the

net hydrostatic pressure minus the net colloid osmotic pressure

The hepatic portal system allows for the processing of

nutrients and toxins absorbed from the GI system into the blood

The umbilical cord contains _____ umbilical vein(s) and _____ umbilical artieries

one, two

What causes much of the blood in the fetal right atrium to be shunted to the left atrium through the foramen ovale?

the Blood pressure in the RIGHT atrium is greater than in the left atrium

A venule becomes a vein when its diameter is greater than ___ micrometers

100

The stomach needs the celiac artery blood supply in order to receive blood T/F

T

If someone's blood pressure were listed as 125/75, then their pulse pressure would be

50 mmHg

If someone's blood pressure were listed as 110/65 mmHg, then their mean arterial pressure (MAP) would be

80 mmHg

If someone suffered from hypertension, such that the blood pressure in their capillaries was elevated, then net filtration pressure would be

ABOVE normal

Precapillary sphincters will

ALL

Renin converts

ANGIOTENSINOGEN to angiotensin I

The anterior communicating artery of the cerebral arterial circle connects the

ANTERIOR cerebral arteries

Imagine yourself sitting in an awkward position in an uncomfortable chair that is depriving part of your leg from normal blood flow. This deprivation of adequate perfusion will result in what sort of local changes in your leg?

BUILD UP of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions will cause vasoDILATION

The artery that bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery is the

Brachiocephalic artery

As blood moves from the arterial end to the venous end of a capillary, net filtration pressure

DECREASES, as blood HYDROSTATIC pressure decreases

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported between the blood and interstitial fluid by way of:

DIFFUSION

Blood flow is

DIRECTLY related to the pressure gradient and INVERSELY related to the resistance

Peripheral resistance is

DIRECTLY related to vessel length and INVERSELY related to vessel radius

Tendons and ligaments have

LOW vascularization, thus LOW perfusion/healing

The brachiocephalic veins are formed by the

a, d internal jugular veins, subclavian veins

Which are found in the capillary wall

a, d, f, endothelium, intercellular clefts, basement membrane

Angiogenesis:

allows for an increase in the perfusion of a local tissue

In general, as an artery's diameter decreases, the artery walls show:

an INCREASE in the relative amount of smooth muscle and a DECREASE in the relative amount of elastic fibers

Imagine a patient who loses lots of blood and therefore has less stretch of their aorta with each heartbeat, what reflex will result?

baroreceptors DECREASE firing, the cardioacceleratory center increases firing, and cardio output will exhibit a compensatory increase

The artery that will eventually subdivide to form the posterior cerebral arteries is the ______ artery

basilar

The _______ run(s) adjacent to the medial surface of the upper limb and eventually helps form the axillary vein

basilic vein

The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel

is called the blood pressure

A portal system

is one in which the blood flows through TWO capillary beds before being sent back to the heart

The popliteal artery supplies the

knee joint

The artery that arises from the descending aorta and is immediately inferior to the celiac trunk is the _____ artery.

superior mesenteric

Several esophageal branches emerge off of which of the following vessels?

superior mesenteric artery

Atherosclerosis involves a

sustained INCREASE in resistance that leads to INCREASES in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow

High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of carotid arteries will stimulate

CHEMOreceptors to ACTIVATE the vasomotor center

The cardiac center of the brainstem includes the

Caridioacceleratory center from which Sympathetic pathways extend

A vasodilator causes a decrease in local blood flow at a capillary bed T/F

F

Although local blood flow to different organs varies from time to time, the distribution of blood vessels in the various organs of the body is fairly similar T/F

F

An increase in blood vessel diameter would lead to a decrease in blood flow T/F

F

Filtration and reabsorption are processes that involve water (a solvent), but not solutes T/F

F

Increases in angiotensis II levels cause decrease in blood pressure T/F

F

Of the three artery types, the elastic arteries have the greatest ability to vasoconstrict and vasodilate T/F

F

The great saphenous vein is a deep vein and the popliteal vein is a superficial vein T/F

F

the azygos vein is located on the left side of the vertebrae T/F

F

Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

HEPATIC VEINS

To prevent excessive blood loss following tissue damage, local chemicals such as

THROMBOXANES are released to trigger vasoconstriction

Pulmonary arteries are shorter and wider than systemic arteries. Accordingly, pulmonary circuit blood pressure is

LOS and blood flows very SLOWLY through pulmonary capillaries

Imagine someone who drank too much water before running a race. Their very watery blood would be

LOW viscosity and have LOW resistance

At the bifurcation of the aorta in the pelvic region, the ______ artery arises to supply the sacrum and coccyx.

MEDIAN sacral

Concerning the exchange between blood and interstitial fluid at systemic capillaries:

MORE fluid is filtered than reabsorbed

which type of the artery types contain the internal and external elastic laminae?

MUSCULAR arteries

The pulmonary trunk carries

OXYGENATED blood from the LEFT ventricle toward the lungs

Considering the bulk flow that occurs at capillary beds, the lymphatic system is needed to

REABSORB excess fluid from the interstitial fluid

If someone were to decrease their food intake and increase aerobic exercise they might lose adipose tissue and condition their muscles. These changes would also influence their blood vessels as there would be

REGRESSION of blood vessels in adipose and ANGIOGENESIS in skeletal muscle

The internal thoracic artery will become the ______ , which carries blood to the superior abdominal wall.

SUPERIOR epigastric artery

Among the advantages of the cerebral arterial circle is the presence of collateral channels of blood flow to the brain should a supply artery become blocked T/F

T

Blood hydrostatic pressure in systemic capillaries is greater than interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure T/F

T

Branches of the subclavian arteries carry blood on the way to the brain, neck and shoulder muscles, and mammary glands T/F

T

Epi, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone each cause an increase in blood pressure T/F

T

Some large molecules, such as fatty acids are transported between capillaries and tissues by vesicular transport T'F

T

Systolic pressure is greater than diastolic pressure due to the force generated by ventricular contraction T/F

T

The contraction of skeletal muscles plays an important role in the movement of blood in the veins T/F

T

The higher the degree of vascularization in a tissue, the greater potential for local blood flow T/F

T

The left suprarenal and gonadal veins differ from the right suprarenal and gonadal veins in how directly they get to the inferior vena cava T/F

T

The liver receives oxygenated blood from the common hepatic artery and deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein T/F

T

Which statement accurately describes total blood flow?

Total blood flow equals the cardiac output and can VARY over time with activity levels

If someone were to have abnormally low levels of protein in their blood, then net filtration pressure would

be higher than normal

Excitation of the vasomotor center results in

increased Sympathetic activity and predominantly more vasoCONSTRICTION than vasodilation

What branches arise directly from the celiac trunk?

left gastric, SPLENIC, and COMMON hepatic arteries

After birth, the remnant of the umbilical vein becomes the

ligamentum TERES

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely due to

the proteins in the blood and it promotes REABSORPTION

the ____ is composed of an endothelium and a sub endothelial layer made up of a thin layer of areolar connective tissue

tunica INTIMA

in arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the

tunica MEDIA


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