CH 21 QUIZ-CHP QUIZ 21 (GRADED): BLOOD VESSEL & CIRCULATION

Please match the type of circulatory shock with its description. 1. Circulatory shock caused by low blood volume, sometimes as a result of hemorrhage Hypovolemic shock correct 2. Low blood pressure as a result of infection Anaphylactic shock incorrect 3. Rapid fall in blood pressure in response to spinal cord injury or anasthesia Neurogenic shock correct 4. Rapid fall in blood pressure due to an allergic reaction Septic shock incorrect 5. Circulatory shock that results from cardiac failure Cardiogenic shock correct

1. Hypovolemic shock 2. Septic Shock 3. Neurogenic shock 4. Anaphylactic shock 5. Cardiogenic shock

Which of the following helps return blood to the heart?

Contracting skeletal muscles

Check all that are changes that occur after birth in the circulatory system.

Pulmonary arteries dilate. Pressure on the right side of the heart decreases.

If there is a rapid loss of blood volume: venous return to the heart would __________, preload would __________, and cardiac output would __________.

decrease; decrease; decrease

Please select the correct words to complete the sentence to test your knowledge of parasympathetic effects on cardiac rate and contractility. 1. Parasympathetic effects on cardiac rate and contractility include __________ the rate of contraction, and ____________ the strength of the contraction

decrease; no effect

Arteriole vasoconstriction _____________ blood flow into the capillaries, while arteriole vasodilation _____________ blood flow into the capillaries.

decreases, increases

As the veins become larger in diameter, their total cross-sectional area __________ and the velocity of blood flow __________.

decreases; increases

Factors that increase heart rate and blood pressure include

emotional responses. exercise increase in body temperature. epinephrine secretion. all of the above.******

In people who stand for long periods, blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and this may result in varicose veins. Varicose veins are caused by

failure of the venous valves.

Older individuals are more likely to develop a condition called a(n) _____________, where part of the arterial wall thins and balloons out.

anerysm

Baroreceptors are located in the...

aorta and carotid arteries.

Blood pressure is highest in the ___________ and lowest in the _____________.

arteries closest to the heart; veins

The vessels that are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart are

arteries.

Resistance to blood flow is greatest in

arterioles.

Degenerative changes in arteries that make them less elastic is known as __________, or the hardening of arteries.

arteriosclerosis

A short-term response to a drop in blood pressure would involve

baroreceptors in the carotid arteries and aorta detect the decrease. kidneys detect the decrease and increase renin secretion. decreased stimulation of the hypothalamus increases antidiuretic hormone secretion by the posterior pituitary. NO(chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata and carotid and aortic bodies detect the decrease.NOT)NO

The __________ the resistance in a blood vessel, the more rapidly the pressure __________ as blood flows through it.

higher; decreases

Which of the following will not increase the heart rate?

increased blood pressure

During exercise, the rate of venous return of the blood ___________, causing a(n) _____________ in stroke volume.

increases, increase

Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by

increasing peripheral resistance.

The ___________ equals the HR X SV X PR.

mean arterial pressure

The tunica __________ consists of smooth muscle cells arranged circularly around the blood vessel.

media

The vasomotor center of the __________________ controls blood vessels throughout the body.

medulla oblongata

All of the following are types of capillaries EXCEPT

metarterioles.

Action potentials are conducted from the baroreceptors to the brain via...

the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves.

The action potential from the brain to the heart travels along...

the vagus nerve.

The sum of all the vascular resistances within the systemic circulation is called the _______________.

total peripheral resistance

All of these help determine MAP

All of these factors determine mean arterial pressure EXCEPT

____________ are powerful vasoconstrictors, and _______________ also increases heart rate.

Epinephrine and angiotensin II; epinephrine

Chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus monitor blood carbon dioxide and pH.

False

Heart rate and stroke volume decrease under decreased parasympathetic stimulation.

False

Increased sympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation, bringing elevated blood pressure back to normal.

False

Please indicate whether each statement is true or false regarding the circulatory changes that occur during exercise. 1. During exercise, resistance to flow in the viscera and organs decreases, causing an increase in blood flow to these areas. False correct 2. During exercise, resistance to flow in skeletal muscles increases. True correct 3. The changes in resistance to flow in the viscera and organs help cause an increase in blood flow to the skeletal muscles. True correct 4. Total cardiac output increases, but stroke volume always remains the same. True incorrect

False True True False

Please select the correct answer to test your knowledge of edema formation. Edema can be caused a result of which event(s)?

Hypertension, causing an increase in tissue fluid at the arteriolar ends of capillaries. Increased tissue protein concentration, causing a decrease in osmosis of interstitial fluid into capillaries. Decreased plasma protein concentration, causing a decrease in osmosis of interstitial fluid into capillaries. Obstruction of lymphatic vessels, blocking lymphatic drainage. **All of the above.***

Chemoreceptors are also located in the...

Hypothalmus

Reduced blood volume and increased blood viscosity

Plasma Loss Shock

Put the events of fetal circulation into the correct order, beginning with oxygenated blood. 3 Oxygenated blood in the ductus venosus mixes with deoxygenated blood in the inferior vena cava. 2 Blood is shunted away from the liver and towards the inferior vena cava. 4 Blood empties into the right atrium. 6 Blood flows into the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta. 5 Blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium via the foramen ovale. 1 Blood from the placenta enters the umbilical vein.

Put the events of fetal circulation into the correct order, beginning with oxygenated blood. 1 Blood from the placenta enters the umbilical vein. 2 Blood is shunted away from the liver and towards the inferior vena cava. 3 Oxygenated blood in the ductus venosus mixes with deoxygenated blood in the inferior vena cava. 4 Blood empties into the right atrium. 5 Blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium via the foramen oval. 6 Blood flows into the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta.

Toxic substances increase vasodilation and capillary permeability

Septic shock

1. It is ___________ that cerebral blood flow is almost exclusively regulated by intrinsic mechanisms (autoregulation).

True

Increased sympathetic stimulation causes increased heart rate and stroke volume.

True

Which of the following would cause a temporary increase in arterial blood pressure? Check all that apply.

Vasoconstriction Vasodilation

The brachiocephalic veins are formed by the a: Internal jugular veins b: Right sigmoid sinus c: Left sigmoid sinus d: Subclavian veins e: Traight sinus

a,d

In both pulmonary and systemic circulation, gas exchange occurs at the:

capillaries

___________ equals the HR X SV.

cardiac output

The lymphatic system absorbs lipids from the digestive system through vessels called

lacteals

Lymphocytes mature in the ___________ and interact with other lymphocytes and antigens in the ___________.

primary lymphatic organs, secondary lymphatic organs

Helper T cells aid in the immune response by _____________.

stimulate B cells to divide

A long-term response to an increase in blood pressure would involve

stimulation of the atrial myocardium increases atrial natriuretic hormone.