CH 21 QUIZ-CHP QUIZ 21 (GRADED): BLOOD VESSEL & CIRCULATION
Please match the type of circulatory shock with its description. 1. Circulatory shock caused by low blood volume, sometimes as a result of hemorrhage Hypovolemic shock correct 2. Low blood pressure as a result of infection Anaphylactic shock incorrect 3. Rapid fall in blood pressure in response to spinal cord injury or anasthesia Neurogenic shock correct 4. Rapid fall in blood pressure due to an allergic reaction Septic shock incorrect 5. Circulatory shock that results from cardiac failure Cardiogenic shock correct
1. Hypovolemic shock 2. Septic Shock 3. Neurogenic shock 4. Anaphylactic shock 5. Cardiogenic shock
Which of the following helps return blood to the heart?
Contracting skeletal muscles
Check all that are changes that occur after birth in the circulatory system.
Pulmonary arteries dilate. Pressure on the right side of the heart decreases.
If there is a rapid loss of blood volume: venous return to the heart would __________, preload would __________, and cardiac output would __________.
decrease; decrease; decrease
Please select the correct words to complete the sentence to test your knowledge of parasympathetic effects on cardiac rate and contractility. 1. Parasympathetic effects on cardiac rate and contractility include __________ the rate of contraction, and ____________ the strength of the contraction
decrease; no effect
Arteriole vasoconstriction _____________ blood flow into the capillaries, while arteriole vasodilation _____________ blood flow into the capillaries.
decreases, increases
As the veins become larger in diameter, their total cross-sectional area __________ and the velocity of blood flow __________.
decreases; increases
Factors that increase heart rate and blood pressure include
emotional responses. exercise increase in body temperature. epinephrine secretion. all of the above.******
In people who stand for long periods, blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and this may result in varicose veins. Varicose veins are caused by
failure of the venous valves.
Older individuals are more likely to develop a condition called a(n) _____________, where part of the arterial wall thins and balloons out.
anerysm
Baroreceptors are located in the...
aorta and carotid arteries.
Blood pressure is highest in the ___________ and lowest in the _____________.
arteries closest to the heart; veins
The vessels that are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart are
arteries.
Resistance to blood flow is greatest in
arterioles.
Degenerative changes in arteries that make them less elastic is known as __________, or the hardening of arteries.
arteriosclerosis
A short-term response to a drop in blood pressure would involve
baroreceptors in the carotid arteries and aorta detect the decrease. kidneys detect the decrease and increase renin secretion. decreased stimulation of the hypothalamus increases antidiuretic hormone secretion by the posterior pituitary. NO(chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata and carotid and aortic bodies detect the decrease.NOT)NO
The __________ the resistance in a blood vessel, the more rapidly the pressure __________ as blood flows through it.
higher; decreases
Which of the following will not increase the heart rate?
increased blood pressure
During exercise, the rate of venous return of the blood ___________, causing a(n) _____________ in stroke volume.
increases, increase
Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by
increasing peripheral resistance.
The ___________ equals the HR X SV X PR.
mean arterial pressure
The tunica __________ consists of smooth muscle cells arranged circularly around the blood vessel.
media
The vasomotor center of the __________________ controls blood vessels throughout the body.
medulla oblongata
All of the following are types of capillaries EXCEPT
metarterioles.
Action potentials are conducted from the baroreceptors to the brain via...
the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves.
The action potential from the brain to the heart travels along...
the vagus nerve.
The sum of all the vascular resistances within the systemic circulation is called the _______________.
total peripheral resistance
All of these help determine MAP
All of these factors determine mean arterial pressure EXCEPT
____________ are powerful vasoconstrictors, and _______________ also increases heart rate.
Epinephrine and angiotensin II; epinephrine
Chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus monitor blood carbon dioxide and pH.
False
Heart rate and stroke volume decrease under decreased parasympathetic stimulation.
False
Increased sympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation, bringing elevated blood pressure back to normal.
False
Please indicate whether each statement is true or false regarding the circulatory changes that occur during exercise. 1. During exercise, resistance to flow in the viscera and organs decreases, causing an increase in blood flow to these areas. False correct 2. During exercise, resistance to flow in skeletal muscles increases. True correct 3. The changes in resistance to flow in the viscera and organs help cause an increase in blood flow to the skeletal muscles. True correct 4. Total cardiac output increases, but stroke volume always remains the same. True incorrect
False True True False
Please select the correct answer to test your knowledge of edema formation. Edema can be caused a result of which event(s)?
Hypertension, causing an increase in tissue fluid at the arteriolar ends of capillaries. Increased tissue protein concentration, causing a decrease in osmosis of interstitial fluid into capillaries. Decreased plasma protein concentration, causing a decrease in osmosis of interstitial fluid into capillaries. Obstruction of lymphatic vessels, blocking lymphatic drainage. **All of the above.***
Chemoreceptors are also located in the...
Hypothalmus
Reduced blood volume and increased blood viscosity
Plasma Loss Shock
Put the events of fetal circulation into the correct order, beginning with oxygenated blood. 3 Oxygenated blood in the ductus venosus mixes with deoxygenated blood in the inferior vena cava. 2 Blood is shunted away from the liver and towards the inferior vena cava. 4 Blood empties into the right atrium. 6 Blood flows into the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta. 5 Blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium via the foramen ovale. 1 Blood from the placenta enters the umbilical vein.
Put the events of fetal circulation into the correct order, beginning with oxygenated blood. 1 Blood from the placenta enters the umbilical vein. 2 Blood is shunted away from the liver and towards the inferior vena cava. 3 Oxygenated blood in the ductus venosus mixes with deoxygenated blood in the inferior vena cava. 4 Blood empties into the right atrium. 5 Blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium via the foramen oval. 6 Blood flows into the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta.
Toxic substances increase vasodilation and capillary permeability
Septic shock
1. It is ___________ that cerebral blood flow is almost exclusively regulated by intrinsic mechanisms (autoregulation).
True
Increased sympathetic stimulation causes increased heart rate and stroke volume.
True
Which of the following would cause a temporary increase in arterial blood pressure? Check all that apply.
Vasoconstriction Vasodilation
The brachiocephalic veins are formed by the a: Internal jugular veins b: Right sigmoid sinus c: Left sigmoid sinus d: Subclavian veins e: Traight sinus
a,d
In both pulmonary and systemic circulation, gas exchange occurs at the:
capillaries
___________ equals the HR X SV.
cardiac output
The lymphatic system absorbs lipids from the digestive system through vessels called
lacteals
Lymphocytes mature in the ___________ and interact with other lymphocytes and antigens in the ___________.
primary lymphatic organs, secondary lymphatic organs
Helper T cells aid in the immune response by _____________.
stimulate B cells to divide
A long-term response to an increase in blood pressure would involve
stimulation of the atrial myocardium increases atrial natriuretic hormone.
