CH 3

A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health?

Emotional dimension This is an example of the emotional dimension. Long-term stress affects body systems, and anxiety affects health habits.

Which are characteristics of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)

Are rarely curable Require lifelong management Have a prolonged course Chronic conditions typically have a slower onset and prolonged course, do not resolve spontaneously, are rarely curable, and require lifelong management.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects morbidity and mortality?

Religion

What is the definition of wellness?

An active state of being healthy Wellness, a reflection of health, is an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health. It is not simply an absence of disease or a desire to be without disease, nor is it maximizing the state in which one lives.

A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local clinic. What level of care is the nurse demonstrating?

Primary

What level of prevention is represented by educating a group of clients on carseat safety?

Primary prevention Primary prevention focuses on the health of a person with the goal of preventing disease or illness. Carseat safety education is primary prevention.

A nurse is speaking with an elderly patient who is hard of hearing. Which nursing action facilitates communication?

Reduce or remove other distractions nearby.

The nurse is reviewing with an elderly patient what foods are most beneficial. Which guideline is recommended to maintain optimal nutrition for elderly patients?

Reduce sugar intake.

Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community center for an older client who is living alone?

Sociocultural needs Increased social interaction, as would be provided by visiting a senior citizen community center, would primarily address a client's sociocultural needs. Emotional needs address how the mind affects body functions and responds to body conditions. Long-term stress affects body systems, and anxiety affects health habits; conversely, calm acceptance and relaxation can actually change the body's responses to illness. The intellectual dimension encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences. Spiritual beliefs and values are assessed when addressing spiritual needs.

A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?

Symptoms are not experienced.

A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?

Tertiary prevention Tertiary prevention in health care deals with rehabilitation of the client. Teaching the client to walk with a walker is tertiary prevention. Primary prevention refers to health promotion or illness prevention. Secondary prevention refers to screening and early detection of disease.

An elderly patient requires health teaching to reduce the risk of complications from a newly diagnosed health problem. Which principle about learning and the elderly should the nurse recall when working with this patient?

The elderly patient needs more time to learn because of slower processing skills.

Which of the following represents a fall hazard for a patient in the home setting?

Throw rugs are present in all rooms.

Lifestyle factors are patterns of living that we choose to follow that affect our health.

True

_______________ is responsible for the control of insect- and animal-borne diseases, meat and other food inspections, and school lunch programs in the United States.

USDA

The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?

What people believe to be true about their health The Health Belief Model focuses on what people perceive or believe to be true about themselves in relation to their health. The Health Promotion Model focuses on how people interact with their environments, as they pursue health. The Health-Illness Continuum Model focuses on health as a constantly changing state. The Agent-Host-Environment Model explains how certain factors place a person at risk for an infectious disease.

A client has a Staphylococcus infection in a decubitus ulcer. In this case, Staphylococcus is the:

agent. The agent is any factor that leads to illness. The client is the host of the infection. The environment is setting in which the infection occurs. The disease is a pathological process that can result from the infection.

The term plumbism refers to

lead poisoning

Chronic illness may be characterized by periods of remission. Remission is best defined as:

the presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms. Remission is defined as the presence of a disease, but the person does not experience the symptoms. Exacerbation is the reappearance of symptoms of a disease. Disease is a pathologic change in the structure of function of the body or mind. Illness is the response of a person to a disease.

Which behavior exhibited by an elderly patient is NOT consistent with depression?

Disappearance of minor aches and pains

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon?

Exacerbation This client has experienced a significant exacerbation of a chronic disease (diabetes mellitus), which has manifested as an acute threat to the client's health. Morbidity is an epidemiological statistic of the frequency of a disease. The client's problem does not have an infectious etiology. A risk factor is any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

Which of the following is NOT a basic physiological need?

Need for affection

A hospitalized elderly patient with dementia has previously been cared for at home by family. The family indicates that they want to keep the patient at home but are not sure how much longer they can care for the patient because of stress on family members. Which suggestion might be most helpful to this family? Wrong answer: Face the reality of need for long-term care.

Consider use of respite services.

Which are factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply.

Culture Family Society Community Each client defines health in terms of the client's own values and beliefs. The person's family, culture, community, and society also influence this personal perception of health. Music does not affect how a person defines health.

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity for this client would represent tertiary level prevention?

Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet Tertiary health promotion and illness prevention begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated, with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate the client to a maximum level of functioning. Nursing activities on a tertiary level include teaching a client with heart failure the importance of adhering to a low-sodium diet. Primary prevention is directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury. This client has a diagnosis. Secondary health promotion and illness prevention focus on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of diseases found.

Which is the last strategy that should be considered for a hospitalized elderly patient experiencing sundown syndrome? Wrong answer: Moving patient to a room near the nurses' station

Using protective devices

Which scenario is using a prospective payment plan to reimburse for services?

An older adult client is admitted to the hospital and treated for pneumonia. The hospital is reimbursed based on a predetermined fixed price.

Why are health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses?

Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world. Because chronic illnesses are the leading health problems in the world, health promotion and illness prevention activities are vital to nursing care. By endorsing health promotion and illness prevention, the nurse can assist the client to achieve optimal health even with a chronic illness. It is true that treating chronic illnesses can be expensive, they do cause pain and suffering, and people do not like to be sick, but these are not the most important reasons for promoting health and preventing illnesses.

Which type of therapy should be tried first to manage agitation for a cognitively impaired patient?

Behavior modification

Medicare is a federal health insurance program that is available to

All persons older than the age of 65 and yound persons that receive Social Security Disability

A client is admitted to the mental health center with attempted suicide. Which of the client's problems is priority for the nurse to manage?

Freedom from harm

When chronic illnesses and disabilities are present, individuals benefit most from activities that:

help them maintain independence. Although their chronic illnesses and disabilities cannot be eliminated, adults can benefit most from activities that help them maintain independence and achieve an optimal level of health. The other answers, while beneficial, are not as helpful.

The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed:

homeostasis. Homeostasis is the organism's attempt to restore balance. Equilibration is a distractor for this question. Self-conception is related to the individual's feelings and attitudes about oneself. Biofeedback is a relaxation technique.

A nurse is providing care for client who experienced a stroke. Which nursing intervention reflects the tertiary level of prevention?

provide care transition at discharge for speech therapy Tertiary prevention minimizes the consequences of a disorder through aggressive rehabilitation or appropriate management of the disease. An example is speech therapy to help restore ability. Blood pressure and mental status exams are examples of secondary prevention associated with the acute stroke. Discussing family history is also secondary prevention in terms of assessing for further risk factors.

Which is the most accurate definition of health?

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Health is viewed as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Which is an example of tertiary health promotion?

Rehabilitation Tertiary health promotion and disease prevention begin after an illness is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate clients to a maximum level of functioning. Therefore, rehabilitation is an example of tertiary health promotion. Family counseling and Pap tests are examples of secondary health promotion. Water treatment is an example of primary health promotion.

The nurse is preparing to talk to a local community group regarding chronic illness. The nurse informs the group that both external and internal factors influence a person's health. When discussing the fact that the male client has a higher chance of developing lung cancer due to his gender, which dimension is the nurse referring to?

Physical dimension The physical dimension includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender. These components strongly influence the person's health status and health practices. Since lung cancer is more frequent in men, the male client is at a higher risk of developing lung cancer due to his gender. Intellectual dimension is cognitive ability. Environmental dimension is related to a client's environment, including work and school.

An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation?

Chronic illness Exacerbation is the increase in activity of a disease and aggravation of symptoms. This occurs periodically in clients with chronic diseases. It is often a result of physical, chemical, or emotional stress. Congenital illness (such as atrial septal defect), hereditary illness (such as cystic fibrosis), and acute illness (such as influenza) do not have exacerbation and remission stages.

A pregnant client at 10 weeks' gestation is receiving education by the nurse about the importance of abstaining from alcohol while pregnant. What statement made by the client demonstrates an understanding of the education provided?

"I should abstain from alcohol to prevent the development of a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder." Congenital disorders such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders may be prevented by the client abstaining from alcohol while pregnant. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are congenital disorders caused by an undetermined amount of alcohol ingested by the mother which affects the fetus in the developmental stages of growth. Abstaining from alcohol will not prevent all types of congenital disorders, but clients should be educated about a variety of preventative measures in order to prevent interruption of the growth and development of the fetus. An idiopathic illness is one in which the cause is undetermined. A hereditary disorder is genetic and not altered by substance intake during pregnancy.