Ch. 4: System Software - The Control Center of Your Computer
3G
The third generation of wireless telecommunication standards and technology.
A Mac operating system isn't designed to run on a Windows computer. This is called platform
dependency
A _____ is software that allows an operating system to interface with hardware.
driver
Your computer's OS keeps track of the physical location where a document is stored on the hard disk by maintaining a _____ table.
file allocation
Multitasking involves
handling several requests at one time.
The term platform is used to describe the combination of _____ and _____ used to run applications.
hardware architecture; software
Which Apple-developed iPhone and iPad operating system is based on Mac OS X?
iOS
Where is your computer's firmware stored?
on a ROM BIOS chip
Virtual memory
the part of your operating system that handles data that cannot fit into RAM when you are running several programs at once
When was Linux developed?
1991
GUI
Graphical User Interface
Which of the following is an open source operating system?
Linux
Where do Chromebooks store settings, applications, and documents?
in the cloud
UNIX is primarily a(n) _____ operating system.
server
The technology presented can be used to process ________ in real time as well as images.
video
platform dependency
Applications and hardware that are only designed to work with a particular operating system.
The widespread use of mobile devices, such as tablets, has resulted in employees bringing their own devices into the workplace and connecting the devices to company networks. This is referred to as
BYOD.
_____ memory is a dedicated holding area in which the data and instructions most recently used by the processor are temporarily stored.
Cache
firmware
Code built into electronic devices that controls those devices and may include instructions to start the system.
desktop
The background image shown on the screen upon which graphical elements such as icons, buttons, windows, links, and dialog boxes are displayed.
system configuration
The entire computing system, including the identity of the computer, the devices connected to it, and some essential processes that the computer runs.
platform
The hardware architecture of a computer and the operating system that runs on it.
path
The hierarchy of folders that leads to a stored file.
True or false: A network operating system is what allows resources, such as printers, to be shared by many users.
True
True or false: Cortana is capable of learning about your interests over time.
True
_____ is primarily a server operating system.
UNIX
_____ was initially a graphical user interface layered on top of the DOS operating system.
Windows
In Windows 10, Cortana is
a personal assistant.
The process of starting your computer, called _____, is handled by instructions that reside on the BIOS chip.
booting
A _____ is a subsystem the moves instructions and data among the components of your computer.
bus
Network operating systems support both network servers and user computers, which are referred to as
clients.
The instructions your computer uses when you turn on the power are stored in ROM and are referred to as
firmware.
A Mac operating system isn't designed to run on a Windows computer. This is called _____ dependency.
platform
Using Cortana you can
play music set reminders search the web
In the first step of the booting process, the _____ sends signals to the _____.
power supply; motherboard
Booting
process of starting your computer
Most devices today work with a feature called Plug and Play, which
recognizes the devices you plug into your computer (for example, into a USB port).
warm boot
restart the computer (shut it down and then turn it on again without turning the power off)
According to Chapter 4, a smartphone is essentially a(n)
small computer.
platform
used to describe the combination of hardware architecture and software used to run applications
When running several programs at once, your operating system places data that will not fit into RAM into ____ memory.
virtual
Microsoft Edge is the name of the Windows
web browser.
The first 5G-capable smartphones are expected to have speeds
15-50% faster than 4G.
Large-scale deployment of 5G is likely to take place in
2020
Image classification technology can identify an object with greater than ________ percent accuracy.
99
virtual memory
A capability of the computer's operating system that handles data that cannot fit into RAM when running several programs at once. When RAM is used up, data is stored or "swapped" into virtual memory.
utility software
A category of system software that you use to optimize and maintain your system performance and that provides information about system resources.
swap file
A file created when data is stored or "swapped" into virtual memory.
Plug and Play
A feature that recognizes and makes available for use devices you plug into your computer, for example into a USB port. The OS installs the correct driver in order for the device to operate if the driver is available.
UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
A new specification for booting your computer that will eventually replace the aging BIOS firmware and could make booting computers a much faster process.
least possible privileges
A principle applied by network operating systems that means that each user is only given access to what he or she needs in order to get his or her work done.
UNIX
A server operating system written with the C programming language.
Bus
A subsystem that moves instructions and data around the components on a computer.
file allocation table (FAT)
A table maintained by the OS to keep track of the physical location of the hard disk's contents.
operating system (OS)
A type of software that provides an interface for the user to interact with computer devices and software applications.
Disk Cleanup
A utility included with Windows that gets rid of unused files on your hard disk.
DOS
An early operating system for personal computers that used a command-line interface.
Chrome OS
Developed by Google and based on Linux, this operating system is designed to have specific functionality delivered via web-based apps.
system files
Files that provide instructions needed to run the operating system on your computer.
Linux
First developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991, Linux is an open source operating system, meaning that the source code for it is freely available for use and modification.
How is a mobile operating system different from a personal computer operating system?
It's less robust.
Chrome OS is a(n) _____ operating system meant to appeal to people who work primarily in _____ applications
Linux-based; web-based
Multiprocessing
On a PC with two or more cores on a single CPU chip, or two or more CPUs, the OS allocates the work to be done amongst the cores or processors
open source
Operating system software built with contributions by users whose source code is free to anybody to modify and use.
mobile operating system
Operating system used on mobile phones and tablets. Often called mobile OS or mobile platform.
operating system package
Packaged software, such as Windows or Linux, that includes an operating system and utilities (collectively known as system software).
Most devices today work with a feature called _____, which recognizes the devices you plug into your computer (for example, into a USB port).
Plug and Play
The first company to produce 5G chipsets was
Qualcomm.
A mobile operating system is stored in
ROM
command-line interface
Refers to operating systems (such as DOS) where the user had to type in text commands.
In Windows, you would use the Disk Cleanup feature to rid your hard drive of unwanted files. What is the comparable feature for a Mac?
Repair Disk
Find an app or program by typing the first few letters for the name in the
Search box.
You can customize the Windows 10 interface using the
Settings app.
driver
Software that allows an operating system to interface with specific hardware, such as a printer or keyboard.
system software
Software that includes the operating system and utilities for maintaining a computer and its performance.
BYOD (bring your own device)
The practice of employees bringing their own devices to the workplace and connecting the devices to company networks.
booting
The process of starting your computer
performance
The speed with which your computer functions.
graphical user interface (GUI)
The visual appearance of an operating system that uses graphical icons, buttons, and windows to display system settings or open documents.
user interface
The visual appearance that software presents to a user.
True or false: The image classification technology presented can be used for any image domain. For example, it could be used to help a self-driving car identify a stop sign.
True
What is the name given to the image classification method used by the presenter that operates in real time to identify objects as they move and change within a frame?
YOLO
Cortana is
a virtual personal assistant.
Chapter 4 states that your computer's performance is largely determined by the processor, the available cache, the bus, and the
amount of memory installed.
The graphical user interface replaced the _____ interface of earlier operating systems.
command-line
Parallel processing
describes a computer operation in which several calculations or program instructions are carried out simultaneously
Object ________ involves technology where objects within a specified area have bounding boxes placed around them and are accurately identified.
detection
According to Chapter 4, these industries have been historically strong markets for Macs.
graphic design and photo imaging
The _____ interface replaced the command-line interface of earlier operating systems.
graphical user
An iPhone runs the mobile OS _____; other smartphones run a mobile OS such as _____.
iOS; Android
When your computer moves data _____, the file it moves is referred to as a swap file.
into virtual memory
Linux is different from the macOS and Windows operating systems in that it
is open source
The two flavors of 5G are
low-band a mid-band.
The image classification technology (Darknet) shown in the video is ________, free for anyone to use.
open source
The _____ provides you with an interface to work with your computer hardware and applications.
operating system
What type of device runs a mobile operating system?
smartphone
You would find a mobile platform (or mobile operating system) on a
smartphone.
One of the ways to submit a question to Cortana is to
speak the question.
cold boot
start a computer when the power is turned off
Question text Network operating systems must keep data secure while it's being transmitted or
stored.
The operating system and utility software are known collectively as
system software.
Continuum is a feature for tablet users that turns on or off
tablet mode
Starting a computer when _____ is called a cold boot.
the computer's power is turned off
The document path in Windows displays
the folder hierarchy to the storage location of a particular file.