Ch. 4: System Software - The Control Center of Your Computer

3G

The third generation of wireless telecommunication standards and technology.

A Mac operating system isn't designed to run on a Windows computer. This is called platform

dependency

A _____ is software that allows an operating system to interface with hardware.

driver

Your computer's OS keeps track of the physical location where a document is stored on the hard disk by maintaining a _____ table.

file allocation

Multitasking involves

handling several requests at one time.

The term platform is used to describe the combination of _____ and _____ used to run applications.

hardware architecture; software

Which Apple-developed iPhone and iPad operating system is based on Mac OS X?

iOS

Where is your computer's firmware stored?

on a ROM BIOS chip

Virtual memory

the part of your operating system that handles data that cannot fit into RAM when you are running several programs at once

When was Linux developed?

1991

GUI

Graphical User Interface

Which of the following is an open source operating system?

Linux

Where do Chromebooks store settings, applications, and documents?

in the cloud

UNIX is primarily a(n) _____ operating system.

server

The technology presented can be used to process ________ in real time as well as images.

video

platform dependency

Applications and hardware that are only designed to work with a particular operating system.

The widespread use of mobile devices, such as tablets, has resulted in employees bringing their own devices into the workplace and connecting the devices to company networks. This is referred to as

BYOD.

_____ memory is a dedicated holding area in which the data and instructions most recently used by the processor are temporarily stored.

Cache

firmware

Code built into electronic devices that controls those devices and may include instructions to start the system.

desktop

The background image shown on the screen upon which graphical elements such as icons, buttons, windows, links, and dialog boxes are displayed.

system configuration

The entire computing system, including the identity of the computer, the devices connected to it, and some essential processes that the computer runs.

platform

The hardware architecture of a computer and the operating system that runs on it.

path

The hierarchy of folders that leads to a stored file.

True or false: A network operating system is what allows resources, such as printers, to be shared by many users.

True

True or false: Cortana is capable of learning about your interests over time.

True

_____ is primarily a server operating system.

UNIX

_____ was initially a graphical user interface layered on top of the DOS operating system.

Windows

In Windows 10, Cortana is

a personal assistant.

The process of starting your computer, called _____, is handled by instructions that reside on the BIOS chip.

booting

A _____ is a subsystem the moves instructions and data among the components of your computer.

bus

Network operating systems support both network servers and user computers, which are referred to as

clients.

The instructions your computer uses when you turn on the power are stored in ROM and are referred to as

firmware.

A Mac operating system isn't designed to run on a Windows computer. This is called _____ dependency.

platform

Using Cortana you can

play music set reminders search the web

In the first step of the booting process, the _____ sends signals to the _____.

power supply; motherboard

Booting

process of starting your computer

Most devices today work with a feature called Plug and Play, which

recognizes the devices you plug into your computer (for example, into a USB port).

warm boot

restart the computer (shut it down and then turn it on again without turning the power off)

According to Chapter 4, a smartphone is essentially a(n)

small computer.

platform

used to describe the combination of hardware architecture and software used to run applications

When running several programs at once, your operating system places data that will not fit into RAM into ____ memory.

virtual

Microsoft Edge is the name of the Windows

web browser.

The first 5G-capable smartphones are expected to have speeds

15-50% faster than 4G.

Large-scale deployment of 5G is likely to take place in

2020

Image classification technology can identify an object with greater than ________ percent accuracy.

99

virtual memory

A capability of the computer's operating system that handles data that cannot fit into RAM when running several programs at once. When RAM is used up, data is stored or "swapped" into virtual memory.

utility software

A category of system software that you use to optimize and maintain your system performance and that provides information about system resources.

swap file

A file created when data is stored or "swapped" into virtual memory.

Plug and Play

A feature that recognizes and makes available for use devices you plug into your computer, for example into a USB port. The OS installs the correct driver in order for the device to operate if the driver is available.

UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)

A new specification for booting your computer that will eventually replace the aging BIOS firmware and could make booting computers a much faster process.

least possible privileges

A principle applied by network operating systems that means that each user is only given access to what he or she needs in order to get his or her work done.

UNIX

A server operating system written with the C programming language.

Bus

A subsystem that moves instructions and data around the components on a computer.

file allocation table (FAT)

A table maintained by the OS to keep track of the physical location of the hard disk's contents.

operating system (OS)

A type of software that provides an interface for the user to interact with computer devices and software applications.

Disk Cleanup

A utility included with Windows that gets rid of unused files on your hard disk.

DOS

An early operating system for personal computers that used a command-line interface.

Chrome OS

Developed by Google and based on Linux, this operating system is designed to have specific functionality delivered via web-based apps.

system files

Files that provide instructions needed to run the operating system on your computer.

Linux

First developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991, Linux is an open source operating system, meaning that the source code for it is freely available for use and modification.

How is a mobile operating system different from a personal computer operating system?

It's less robust.

Chrome OS is a(n) _____ operating system meant to appeal to people who work primarily in _____ applications

Linux-based; web-based

Multiprocessing

On a PC with two or more cores on a single CPU chip, or two or more CPUs, the OS allocates the work to be done amongst the cores or processors

open source

Operating system software built with contributions by users whose source code is free to anybody to modify and use.

mobile operating system

Operating system used on mobile phones and tablets. Often called mobile OS or mobile platform.

operating system package

Packaged software, such as Windows or Linux, that includes an operating system and utilities (collectively known as system software).

Most devices today work with a feature called _____, which recognizes the devices you plug into your computer (for example, into a USB port).

Plug and Play

The first company to produce 5G chipsets was

Qualcomm.

A mobile operating system is stored in

ROM

command-line interface

Refers to operating systems (such as DOS) where the user had to type in text commands.

In Windows, you would use the Disk Cleanup feature to rid your hard drive of unwanted files. What is the comparable feature for a Mac?

Repair Disk

Find an app or program by typing the first few letters for the name in the

Search box.

You can customize the Windows 10 interface using the

Settings app.

driver

Software that allows an operating system to interface with specific hardware, such as a printer or keyboard.

system software

Software that includes the operating system and utilities for maintaining a computer and its performance.

BYOD (bring your own device)

The practice of employees bringing their own devices to the workplace and connecting the devices to company networks.

booting

The process of starting your computer

performance

The speed with which your computer functions.

graphical user interface (GUI)

The visual appearance of an operating system that uses graphical icons, buttons, and windows to display system settings or open documents.

user interface

The visual appearance that software presents to a user.

True or false: The image classification technology presented can be used for any image domain. For example, it could be used to help a self-driving car identify a stop sign.

True

What is the name given to the image classification method used by the presenter that operates in real time to identify objects as they move and change within a frame?

YOLO

Cortana is

a virtual personal assistant.

Chapter 4 states that your computer's performance is largely determined by the processor, the available cache, the bus, and the

amount of memory installed.

The graphical user interface replaced the _____ interface of earlier operating systems.

command-line

Parallel processing

describes a computer operation in which several calculations or program instructions are carried out simultaneously

Object ________ involves technology where objects within a specified area have bounding boxes placed around them and are accurately identified.

detection

According to Chapter 4, these industries have been historically strong markets for Macs.

graphic design and photo imaging

The _____ interface replaced the command-line interface of earlier operating systems.

graphical user

An iPhone runs the mobile OS _____; other smartphones run a mobile OS such as _____.

iOS; Android

When your computer moves data _____, the file it moves is referred to as a swap file.

into virtual memory

Linux is different from the macOS and Windows operating systems in that it

is open source

The two flavors of 5G are

low-band a mid-band.

The image classification technology (Darknet) shown in the video is ________, free for anyone to use.

open source

The _____ provides you with an interface to work with your computer hardware and applications.

operating system

What type of device runs a mobile operating system?

smartphone

You would find a mobile platform (or mobile operating system) on a

smartphone.

One of the ways to submit a question to Cortana is to

speak the question.

cold boot

start a computer when the power is turned off

Question text Network operating systems must keep data secure while it's being transmitted or

stored.

The operating system and utility software are known collectively as

system software.

Continuum is a feature for tablet users that turns on or off

tablet mode

Starting a computer when _____ is called a cold boot.

the computer's power is turned off

The document path in Windows displays

the folder hierarchy to the storage location of a particular file.