CH 5

Chemical messages often sent between two members of a species to communicate something about reproductive status are called ________.

pheromones

The visible spectrum includes light that ranges from about ________.

400-700 nm

The audible range for humans is ________.

20-20,000 Hz

sensory receptors

Specialized cells unique to each sense organ that respond to a particular form of sensory stimulation.

The smallest amount of a stimulus that a person can reliably detect is called

absolute threshold.

Cues that require two ears are referred to as ________ cues.

binaural

________ depth cues require the use of both eyes.

binocular

The three ossicles of the middle ear are known as ________.

both a and b

Chemical senses include

both taste and smell.

Our tendency to perceive things as complete objects rather than as a series of parts is known as the principle of ________.

closure

Hearing aids might be effective for treating ________.

conductive hearing loss

________ operate best under bright light conditions.

cones

The main point of focus in a visual display is known as the ________.

figure

In the process of perception, the brain

forms meaningful impressions by piecing together sensory information.

The ________ is a small indentation of the retina that contains cones.

fovea

________ serve as sensory receptors for temperature and pain stimuli.

free nerve endings

The optic nerve consists of the axons of the _____ cells and exits the eye in the _____.

ganglion; blind spot

According to the law of ________, we are more likely to perceive smoothly flowing lines rather than choppy or jagged lines.

good continuation

In human hearing, the auditory receptors are _____.

hair cells

In what order do the ossicles vibrate during hearing?

hammer, anvil, stirrup

Hair cells located near the base of the basilar membrane respond best to ________ sounds.

high-frequency

What is described by the concept of perception?

how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

The electromagnetic spectrum includes ________.

infrared light

Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?

optic

Which part of the eye gives a person her/his eye color?

iris

Which term describes the perception of the body's movement through space?

kinesthesia

In the human eye, rods are to _____ as cones are to _____.

light; color

Longer wavelengths will have ________ frequencies, and shorter wavelengths will have ________ frequencies.

lower; higher

According to the principle of ________, objects that occur close to one another tend to be grouped together.

proximity

The process by which we receive, transform, and process stimuli is

sensation

The process of sensation enables us to _________, where the process of perception enables us _________.

sense the world around us; make sense of the world around us

Decreased sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as ________.

sensory adaptation

absolute threshold

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time

Sensation

the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

perception

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

The quality of a sound that is affected by frequency, amplitude, and timing of the sound wave is known as ________.

timbre

________ involves the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into neural impulses.

transduction

In addition to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, what other taste buds do we have?

umami

Which taste is associated with monosodium glutamate?

umami

Which of the following is involved in maintaining balance and body posture?

vestibular system

Which of the following correctly matches the pattern in our perception of color as we move from short wavelengths to long wavelengths?

yellow to orange to red