Ch 5 Practice Quiz Questions

By age 6, the average child in a developed nation weighs between _____ pounds and is at least _____ inches tall. 35 and 40; 38 40 and 50; 42 35 and 40; 42 40 and 50; 38

40 and 50; 42

Within the United States, approximately _____ of 3- to 4-year-old children are enrolled in an educationally based program.

54%

Children begin to "slim down" as they gain muscle and height. This process is MOST noticeable around _____ years of age compared to any other point in development. 6 years 3 years 4 years 2 years

6 years

In 2015, more than _____ dollars in federal funds were allocated to Head Start programs.

8 billion

Which of these is a recent goal of Head Start?

A teacher-directed program approach should be implemented.

One study examined three children's programs focused on low-SES families in different parts of the country and found which long-term benefit of intensive, early-intervention programs?

Children had higher math and reading achievement at age 10.

Most people: a. use both sides of the brain for all skills. b. have a relatively unmyelinated corpus callosum. c. are exclusively right-brained. d. are exclusively left-brained.

a. use both sides of the brain for all skills.

In order to foster balanced bilingualism, what do children need? regular opportunities to speak both languages scaffolding in both languages All of these are correct. appreciation of both languages and cultures

all of these are correct

Four-year old Clint asks his dad, "do the clouds get hurt when they touch the sun?" This is an example of:

animism

A "language shift" refers to:

becoming more fluent in the school language than in the language spoken at home.

Janet believes that her brother Rubin would turn into a girl if he were to put on a dress. In this example, Janet is demonstrating:

focus on appearance

The goal of teacher-directed early-education programs is to:

help get all children "ready to learn."

A young child will likely display perseveration and _____ as these are a direct result of the immature development of the prefrontal cortex and limited moderation of the limbic system.

impulsiveness

The body mass index (BMI, the ratio of weight to height):

is lower at age 5 than at any other age in the life span.

Preschools benefit early-childhood learning by providing opportunities for children to get practice in: All of these are correct. expression of emotion. attachment. language skills.

language skills

Children could be referred to as _____ in early childhood.

language sponges

Because most 3-year-olds have not yet developed a theory of mind, it makes it difficult for them to:

lie

As seen in studies of adopted Romanian children raised in and out of institutions, children who experienced extensive stress and deprivation were more likely to develop permanently damaged brain pathways; specifically noted was less reactivity in the _____ when shown pictures of happy, sad, frightened, or angry faces.

limbic system

Current research evaluating Head Start children found that academic benefits faded by first grade. One possible explanation is that:

many of the children in the comparison group are now enrolled in some other early-childhood program.

When sleep becomes more regular, emotions become more appropriate for certain stimuli and contexts, and temper tantrums subside; these are clear indications of:

maturation of the prefrontal cortex.

It is believed that _____ is universal as children are eager to explore and want to learn from and replicate their mentor's behavior.

overimitation

Instead of saying "teeth," 4-year-old Jasper says "tooths." This error is BEST described as an example of:

overregularization

Kincaid was helping his mother set the table for dinner. He asked "Mommy, we gonna eat all these fishes?" His question would be BEST described as an example of what aspect of language development in early childhood?

overregularization

Peet and his uncle were walking in the woods, when Peet suddenly exclaimed "Look! Deers!" His exclamation would be BEST described as an example of what aspect of language development in early childhood?

overregularization

When asked how she likes her dinner, Samantha replied, "I likeded the pizza most!" Her exclamation would be BEST described as an example of what aspect of language development in early childhood?

overregularization

Studies of maltreated children suggest that excessive stress-hormone levels in early childhood:

permanently damage brain pathways

One result of executive function is:

planning behavior

Of Piaget's four stages of cognition, which is the second stage?

preoperational intelligence

After noticing that her 4-year-old brother was having difficulty putting a jigsaw puzzle together, Rose helped him with the task by praising his successes and helping him to stay focused so that he could be successful. From Vygotsky's perspective, this as an example of:

scaffolding

Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves a child assuming that the world is unchanging, so it always remains just the way it is currently?

static reasoning

Piaget has been criticized for:

underestimating conceptual understanding during early childhood.