Ch 6 Proteins and Amino Acids

Which of the following foods has the lowest protein content?

1 cup melon

Adults older than ________ years of age should consume 0.8 gram of protein for each kilogram of body weight.

19

It is recommended that you consume from 10 to ________ percent of your calories from protein.

35

A gram of protein contains ________ calories.

4

Jill is 24 years old and weighs 125 pounds. What is Jill's approximate protein requirement per day?

45 grams

The biggest risk for vegetarians is not consuming enough vitamin

B12

Vegetarian diets have been shown to lower the risk of the following diseases, except

COLDS

A gene is a segment of ________ that codes for a specific protein.

DNA

Which of the following statements about soy is correct?

It may be harmful for individuals at high risk of developing breast cancer

A diet that is too high in protein can increase the risk for all of the following except

PKU -kidney stones -osteoporosis -heart disease

Denaturation of a protein results in

alterations in the protein's functions

A vegan diet excludes which of the following?

any foods of animal origin

Proteins that act to maintain the body's proper pH are known as

buffers

An ovo-vegetarian will eat all of the following except

cheese -an omelet -bagels -apples

The most abundant protein in the body is

collagen

Which of the following is a protein that provides structural support to body tissues?

collagen

The proteins that act as catalysts and speed up reactions are

enzymes

Isoflavones have a chemical structure similar to human

estrogen

According to the NIH, approximately one in 12 African Americans and one in 100 Asians are carriers of the mutated gene that causes sickle-cell anemia.

false

Enzymes are biological catalysts that slow down reactions.

false

Hemoglobin acts as a transport protein that carries nitrogen to cells from the lungs.

false

The PDCAAS is a measure of protein quantity.

false

The absorption of zinc is inhibited by animal protein.

false

Vegetarians can only consume adequate protein by eating a variety of vegetables and fish.

false

All excess calories are stored as

fat

Which foods are most likely missing when a person is on a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet?

fruits

A DNA segment that codes for a specific protein is called a(n)

gene

Which of the following amino acids was once thought to be essential only for infants?

histidine

Which among the following is a consequence of a severe deficiency of dietary protein?

kwashiorkor

The amino acid that is in the shortest supply in an incomplete protein is known as the

limiting amino acid

A person fighting a fever would be in ________ nitrogen balance.

negative

A starving person would be in ________ nitrogen balance.

negative

A(n) ________ amino acid can be synthesized in your body.

nonessential

An overweight individual's protein needs are

not much greater than those of a normal-weighted person of similar height

Digestion of protein within the stomach begins with the enzyme

pepsin

A rare genetic disorder, phenylketonuria (PKU), is caused by the body's inability to properly degrade

phenylalanine

Which state, in terms of nitrogen balance, would a pregnant or nursing woman typically be in?

positive nitrogen balance

A classic symptom of severe kwashiorkor is ________ of the legs, feet, and stomach.

protein

A diet high in ________ and low in calcium may lead to osteoporosis.

protein

Compounds in your body that consist of numerous amino acids and are found in all living cells are called

proteins

Proteins help increase ________, after a meal more than either carbohydrates or fat.

satiety

The most common inherited blood disorder in the United States is

sickle-cell anemia

The absorption of amino acids takes place in the

small intestine

A study of Chinese women revealed that those who ate the most ________ during their adolescent years had a reduced risk of breast cancer in adulthood.

soy

A DNA segment that codes for a specific protein is the gene.

true

Complemented proteins are the result of the combination of two incomplete proteins.

true

Consuming too much of any one amino acid via supplements can impede absorption of other amino acids in the intestinal tract.

true

Numerous research studies have shown that bones lose calcium when a person's diet is too high in protein.

true

The nitrogen removed from an amino acid generates ammonia, which is converted to ________ and excreted in the urine.

urea

Which of the following is an example of combining two incomplete proteins to achieve protein complementation?

vegetables and rice