Ch. 6 Types of amino acids and Importance of Proteins

The proteins in the body are made of combinations of individual amino acids, known as the building blocks of protein. Amino acids are composed of a central carbon connected to a hydrogen atom, an acid group, an amine group, and a side chain. The ____ is the group that varies for each amino acid.

side chain

Which of these represents a major role of protein in the body?

Remodel and build cells

The human body is able to synthesize them

Lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

When nitrogen consumption is greater than nitrogen excretion, a person is in __ nitrogen balance.

Positive (a baby would most likely be in this type of Nitrogen Balance)

By eating a balanced diet and consuming a variety of foods, the majority of active and inactive people easily meet their daily protein needs. What is the most important consideration for someone trying to build muscle?

Regular strength training

Proteins are one of the three__ found in the diet and important structural molecules in living organisms. Proteins help provide structure to cells and are the major component of enzymes that participate in biological reactions. While all macronutrients share similarities, proteins are different than both carbohydrates and lipids in important ways.

Macronutrients

Of the 20 amino acids utilized in the body, 11 are considered __ , which means that the body is able to produce enough to meet physiological needs and they therefore, do not need to be obtained from the diet. A conditionally essential amino acid is an amino acid that becomes ____ as a result of certain disorders or illnesses, but is usually ___ under normal healthy circumstances.

Non- essential Essential Non- Essential Explaination: Amino acids are nitrogen-containing molecules that combine to form larger body proteins. The structure of all amino acids includes a carbon atom center, a nitrogen-containing amine group, an acid group, and a side chain. Only the side chain differs for each of the amino acids. This is what gives each amino acid its unique properties. There are 20 amino acids in the human body. Of these, 11 are considered non-essential, which means that the body can synthesize them in sufficient quantities to meet physiological needs. These amino acids do not need to be consumed in the diet. Conditionally essential amino acids are amino acids that can become essential under certain pathophysiological conditions when the body is unable to make enough to meet physiological needs. Moreover, a non-essential amino acid becomes an essential amino acid and must then be obtained by the diet.

Contains nitrogen in the amine group

Only proteins

Made according to instructions from DNA

Only proteins

Muscle growth requires:

Positive protein balance