Chapter 19 EMT

The main function of the endocrine system is to _________. A. maintain homeostasis B. regulate blood flow C. regulate glucose and calcium D. produce glandular secretions

A. maintain homeostasis

The normal blood glucose level is between: A. 30 and 150 mg/dL. B. 80 and 120 mg/dL. C. 60 and 80 mg/dL. D. 160 and 200 mg/dL

B. 80 and 120 mg/dL.

Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing? A. Hepatitis B B. Blindness C. Depression D. Alcoholism

B. Blindness

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? A. Most cells will function normally without glucose. B. The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen. C. Blood glucose levels decrease in the absence of insulin. D. The brain requires insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells.

B. The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen.

Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include: A. warm, dry skin; hunger; abdominal pain; and deep, slow respirations. B. cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations. C. cold, clammy skin; bradycardia; hunger; and deep, rapid respirations. D. warm, dry skin; irritability; bradycardia; and rapid respirations.

B. cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations.

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT: A. assessing the patient's mental status. B. ensuring the absence of a gag reflex. C. checking the medication's expiration date. D. requesting permission from medical control.

B. ensuring the absence of a gag reflex.

In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes: A. occurs when antibodies attack insulin-producing cells. B. is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level. C. is caused by a complete lack of insulin in the body. D. is commonly diagnosed in children and young adults.

B. is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level.

A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should: A. assess for the presence of a medical identification tag. B. open and maintain her airway and assess breathing. C. administer 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D. administer oral glucose between her cheek and gum.

B. open and maintain her airway and assess breathing.

The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because: A. children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults. B. children overproduce insulin during severe illness or injury. C. a child's cells do not uptake glucose as rapidly as adults' do. D. illness or injury causes the pancreas to produce less insulin.

A. children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults.

The two main types of cells contained in blood are called _________. A. erythrocytes and leukocytes B. transport and clotting C. hemoglobin A and S D. platelets and plasma

A. erythrocytes and leukocytes

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct? Selected Answer: A. In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen. B. Because of their abnormal shape, red blood cells in patients with sickle cell disease are less apt to lodge in a blood vessel. C. The red blood cells of patients with sickle cell disease are round and contain hemoglobin. D. Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that causes the blood to clot too quickly.

A. In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are

A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing: A. a heart attack. B. hyperglycemia. C. an acute stroke. D. hypoglycemia.

A. a heart attack.

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that: A. he has hemophilia A. B. his blood clots too quickly. C. he has a thrombosis. D. he has thrombophilia.

A. he has hemophilia A.

You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes: A. oxygen. B. dextrose. C. insulin. D. glucagon.

C. insulin.

A patient with hypoglycemia will often present with which of the following signs/symptoms? A. Hypertension B. Warm, red, and dry skin C. Deep, rapid respirations D. Pale, cool, and clammy skin

D. Pale, cool, and clammy skin

A 66-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect? A. Congestive heart failure B. Diabetic ketoacidosis C. Severe hypoglycemia D. Pulmonary embolism

D. Pulmonary embolism

A patient with an altered mental status; high blood glucose levels; and deep, rapid breathing may have a condition known as __________. A. hypoglycemic crisis B. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma C. hyperglycemic crisis D. diabetic ketoacidosis

D. diabetic ketoacidosis

A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. Her blood glucose level reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop: A. hypoxia and overhydration. B. acidosis and dehydration. C. severe insulin shock. D. irreversible renal failure.

D. irreversible renal failure.

Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called: A. dyspepsia. B. polydipsia. C. dysphasia. D. polyphagia.

D. polyphagia.

Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient: A. markedly overeats and misses an insulin dose. B. misses one or two prescribed insulin injections. C. eats a regular meal followed by mild exertion. D. takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin.

D. takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin.