Ch. 8-13

Which of the following statements is not true about group development?

Tuckman's theory of group development stages has been strongly supported by empirical testing.

Which of the following is not one of the suggestions coming out of the TED protocol?

Use the latest technology available to appear to be up to date.

Fiona used an influence tactic on Gerald and got him to enthusiastically agree to her proposal. Gerald demonstrated initiative and persistence while completing the assignment. This is an example of

commitment

______ is a circular and dynamic process in which people interpret and make sense of the information they exchange.

communication

Marcy grudgingly agrees to Herb's proposal and needs a lot of prodding to satisfy the minimum requirements. Marcy is exhibiting

compliance.

Carla tends to take long-term view and rely on discussions with others to acquire information. She has a high tolerance for ambiguity and is oriented toward people and social concerns when making decisions. Which decision-making style does Carla possess?

conceptual

The styles of conflict handling are differentiated along two dimensions:

concern for others and concern for self.

Marvin is a medical technician who administers stress tests. He has a low tolerance for ambiguity and is oriented toward task and technical concerns when making decisions. The ________ style is well suited for this position.

directive

The two basic types of negotiation are

distributive and integrative.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an in-group exchange?

economic exchange

Harry is thinking about meeting Connie. He writes a text message to Connie, inviting her for a drink at the local bar. This is an example of

encoding

_______ is the process of translating thoughts into a code or language that can be understood by others.

encoding

There are two competing explanations about the origin of linguistic styles between men and women: ______ and ______.

evolutionary psychology; social role theory

You are late in the preparation of the computer graphics for your final report and presentation. You run into a friend who is great at computer graphics just as he is heading out of the office at the end of the day and say, "I need your help for my project. If you could come back for two or three hours tonight and help me with these graphics, I will complete those spreadsheets you have been complaining about." Which influence tactic are you using with your friend?

exchange

Michael wants to be president of his division. Everything he does is geared to that objective. He pushes his employees to to meet higher quotas, criticizes anyone who doesn't put in 10 to 12 hour days, and demands results before the due date. He is arrogant and dominant. Michael is

exhibiting narcissism

Younger employees also are more likely to use the Internet and social media to accomplish their tasks. This is an example of the ___________ that represent the key issue when considering communication across generations.

expectations and norms

______ is the richest form of communication.

face to face exchanges

Roger manages both Bill and Nancy. They are in an argument about who should handle a particular job. Roger encourages them to deal directly with each other in a positive and constructive manner. Roger is acting as a(n)

facilitator

Empowerment is an either-or proposition; either a subordinate is empowered or not—there are no "degrees" of empowerment.

false

In Fiedler's model, both high-control and low-control situations call for relationship-motivated leadership.

false

In evaluating alternatives and selecting a solution, managers should evaluate the legality and efficiency of potential solutions and conduct a cost-benefit analysis.

false

It is clear from research that personal friendship helps organizational productivity.

false

Jamil is a new member of a group that evaluates student activities on campus. He wants to focus on bringing more foreign students into the mainstream activities. The president of the group seems to have her own ideas and virtually everyone supports her. When Jamil opposes one of her suggestions, everyone looks uncomfortable. This is an example of a psychological safety climate.

false

Linguistic intelligence refers to a person's characteristic speaking pattern.

false

Listening effectiveness is positively associated with customer satisfaction but negatively related to employee job satisfaction.

false

Managers wishing to reduce conflict between members and groups should isolate them from each other as much as possible.

false

Men were seen as displaying both more task and social leadership than women.

false

Research has clearly indicated that self-managed teams perform better than traditional work groups.

false

Research shows that most interviewer impressions of job candidates are formed rationally through careful questioning.

false

Servant leadership is the same thing as laissez-faire leadership.

false

A decision maker is influenced by the manner in which a problem or question is stated. This represents the _______ bias.

framing

A person in the ______ role will encourage all group members to participate.

gatekeeper

Fiona is the daytime supervisor for an online sales company. She supervises 57 people who perform relatively routine jobs that require minimal training. The shop is unionized, so Fiona has little latitude when it comes to dismissing poor performers. However, she does have the authority to transfer employees and has been known to reassign poor performers to less desirable jobs on in the company. Fiona has a reputation for only transferring employees with just cause, and generally is viewed as a fair supervisor by her employees. Although she would like greater autonomy to determine salaries, Fiona generally divides bonuses and raises equally among her employees. To do otherwise would likely create conflict with union members and representatives. According to Fiedler's model, how would Fiona's leader-member relations be described?

good

The type of follower who is most compliant with leadership is the

helper

Teresa has a problem. She is working on three projects and the deadline for Project C was moved up. This particular client, Client C, is fairly easy-going and never puts any pressure on her unless it's absolutely necessary. Teresa decides to talk to Client A who always wants the project results a few days before the actual deadline. There might be some flexibility with that timeline. Teresa is using _______ in order to make this decision.

her expertise

Jim is the daytime supervisor for an automobile assembly line. He supervises 45 people who perform relatively routine jobs that require minimal training. The shop is unionized, so Jim has little latitude when it comes to dismissing poor performers. However, he does have the authority to transfer employees and has been known to reassign poor performers to less desirable jobs on the assembly line. Jim has a reputation for only transferring employees with just cause, and generally is viewed as a fair supervisor by his employees. Although he would like greater autonomy to determine salaries, Jim generally divides bonuses and raises equally among his employees. To do otherwise would likely create conflict with union members and representatives. According to Fiedler's model, what would the task structure of Jim's employees be considered?

high

Recent research shows that in the forming and storming stages of team development, teams perform better when members exhibit which of the following personality traits?

high tolerance for uncertainty

Veronica just accepted a job at QuizBiz. She left a large company that offered big bonuses for salespersons who exceeded their quotas. At QuizBiz, the individual bonuses are smaller, but there are team rewards as well. This is known as a _____ reward system.

hybrid

Selecting the most creative and promising idea from among multiple options relies on analytical and mainly conscious thinking. This is _______, the final stage of the creative performance process.

idea evaluation/validation

When a leader is trying to instill pride, respect, and trust within employees, he or she is engaging in

idealized influence

If you are strong at ___________, your employees are likely to think that it is right to follow your lead.

impression management

Sean is questioning his team's effectiveness. He asks himself "Is the group performing less than, equal to, or greater than the sum of its parts?" Once he thinks this through, he recognizes that two people are not contributing at all. Which of the following will not work to combat social loafing?

increase group size

Alana says to her subordinates, in essence, "Let me provide tangible support to help you reach your goals." Alana is engaging in

individualized consideration

______ is the leader behavior that organizes and defines what group members should be doing to maximize output.

initiating structure

Kelly is a member of the community service group of her sorority. Traditionally, they pick a charity and run one fundraiser. Kelly suggests a new approach. In addition to the charity work, she wants to establish a new goal—that the members mentor inner city children. Kelly is acting as

initiator

"Let me share a vision that transcends us to a greater good" is a statement that reflects

inspirational motivation

When a leader is resolving disputes and facilitating communication among subordinates, he or she is engaging in ________ behaviors.

interaction-facilitation

Manash pays attention in his management class, where the professor has entertaining, interesting visual aids. At times, he makes good eye contact with the professor, and occasionally raises his hand to ask questions. On other days, he is quiet and his eyes are on his notebook. He is exhibiting the ________ style of listening.

involved

Which of the following statements about the use of e-mail is false?

it hinders effective teamwork

We all use shortcuts or ________ when making decisions.

judgmental heuristics

Which of the following is not considered a contingency factor in House's path-goal theory?

leader acceptance

In Fiedler's model, ________ refers to the extent that a leader has the support, loyalty, and trust of the work group.

leader-member relations

In which of the following situations would a leader's situational control be considered high?

leader-member relations good; task structure high; position power weak

In which of the following situations would a leader's situational control be considered low?

leader-member relations poor; task structure low; position power weak

The dimensions of situational control in Fiedler's model are

leader-member relations, task structure, and position power.

Fiedler's model uses the _________ scale to measure a person's leadership style.

least preferred coworker

Dewey, a manager at the Busy Bee Restaurant, gives Alice her schedule for the next week. Alice knows she must follow that schedule. What kind of power is Dewey exercising?

legitimate

Ethan tried to convince his subordinates to accept a new policy by showing them that the policy is consistent with the organizational rules and policies. He also showed them that the people above him had already supported and sanctioned the policy. What influence tactic was Ethan using?

legitimating tactics

Which of the following is a "hard" influence tactic?

legitimating tactics

Which of the following is not an advantage of group decision making?

less time spent making a decision

Lily graduates from high school and is ready to go to college. However, she also loves sports. She wants to join a basketball academy and become a professional basketball player. Lily finds her uncertainty about her future very stressful and is psychologically uncomfortable about it. This implies that Lily has a(n)

low tolerance for ambiguity.

Which of the following is not one of the key leader behaviors that are part of transformational leadership?

matching the behavior to the situation

Leaders increase psychological empowerment by engaging in behaviors that enhance perceptions of

meaningfulness, self-determination, competence, and impact.

Neil is attending a job fair. He knows that there is a lot of competition for these positions and wants to stand out. Neil practices his greeting and "elevator" pitch in front of a mirror. He brings copies of his résumé and business cards. On each card, he notes his blog site address. On the blog, he has comments on several recent articles about new technologies in this field. Neil is maximizing

media richness

Social media benefits for employers include all the following except

minimize cyberloafing

In empowering employees, to lead for progress, managers should

monitor and reward employees.

Which of the following interpersonal traits has research shown to have a negative relationship with leadership effectiveness?

narcissism

Compliance can be a result of __________ power.

negative legitimate, coercive, and reward

_______ is a give-and-take decision-making process involving two or more parties with different preferences. For example, labor-management negotiations over wages, hours, and working conditions.

negotiation

Amy receives a note from Carrie, asking her to pick up some materials for a project from Staples. Amy does the shopping, but misses a few items because she can't decipher Carrie's writing. This is an example of

noise

In which stage of the group development process do group members resolve their power struggles so that something can be accomplished?

norming

Theresa is a(n) ______ for Capital Clinic services. She has worked for the company for 20 years and is widely respected and trusted. In this position, she hears grievances on a confidential basis and attempts to arrange a solution.

ombudsmanship

The ______ keeps the group headed toward its stated goals.

orienter

Silvio is a member of the student ethics committee. In meetings, he sometimes appears to be paying attention, but at other times does not appear to be tracking the conversations. He rarely contributes to the discussions. He is exhibiting the __________ style of listening.

passive

Otto is convinced that social media offers many benefits for employees and wants to institute a plan at Compass Inc. Which of the following is not a potential benefit for employees?

personal stability

What type of power tends to produce commitment?

positive legitimate, expert, and referent

The first stage of the creative performance behavior process is

problem formulation/definition.

Joseph wants Taylor to pick up some snacks to bring to a meeting. In this case, Joseph is the ______ (the person wanting to communicate information), and Taylor is the _______ (the person, group, or organization for whom the message is intended).

sender; receiver

__________ leadership focuses on increased benefit to others rather than to oneself.

servant

Women are more likely to _______ compared to men.

share credit

Which of the following is not an unethical tactic to use in negotiations?

showing emotions

Which of the following is not a general category of leader behaviors?

transactional

"Let me give you tangible support to help you reach your goals" is individualized consideration.

true

According to House's path-goal theory, employees with an internal locus of control are likely to prefer participative or achievement-oriented leadership.

true

As a manager of two employees who are having a personality conflict, one step you should take is to document the conflict.

true

Coalition building is getting others to support your efforts to persuade someone to do something.

true

Communication competence is a performance-based index of an individual's abilities to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context.

true

Cross-cultural differences and nonverbal communication both can be sources of noise between senders and receivers.

true

Every management function and activity involves some form of direct or indirect communication.

true

Flexspace includes the concept of working from home.

true

Groups share norms and have goals.

true

Idealized influence by a leader entails behaviors associated with instilling pride, respect, and trust within employees.

true

In a complex decision context, there is one right answer, but many unknowns obscure cause-and-effect relationships. In this kind of situation, the most effective decision making method is intuition.

true

Leader behavior is more important than leader traits when it comes to effectiveness.

true

Leaders need cognitive abilities to derive effective solutions in short time spans with limited information.

true

Research indicates that leadership prototypes have recently been changing to emphasize more feminine traits and styles that emphasize empowerment, fairness, compassion, and supportiveness.

true

The four factors of media richness include feedback, channel, type, and language source.

true

The rational model of decision making explains how managers should make decisions.

true

The rational model of decision making explains how managers should make decisions. It assumes that managers are completely objective and possess all information for their decisions. In this model, decisions thus demonstrate excellent logic and promote the organization's best interests.

true

To manage e-mail effectively, an employee should

use a spell checker

Harriet is an active member of the large Freshman Orientation board. There are five separate teams on this board, and they all want Harriet as a member because she is good at keeping the team on track. Which of the following behaviors does Harriet exhibit?

She helps plan and organize work; monitors progress; and provides constructive feedback.

Xavier is creating a social media policy for OCA & Associates. He plans to: Outline consequences for violations. Align the policy with the organization's culture. Stay away from defining what is considered illegal. Clarify what is confidential. Designate a spokesperson for online policies. Which of these is not an element of an effective social media policy?

Stay away from defining what is considered illegal.

Which of the following statements is true about Tuckman's five-stage model of group development?

The five stages are not necessarily of the same duration or intensity.

Which of the following is not an implication of transformational leadership?

Transformational leadership cannot work virtually.

Experts estimate that about ________ of every conversation is interpreted through nonverbal communication.

65 to 95 percent

What is the difference between formal and informal groups?

A formal group is assigned by an organization or its managers to accomplish specific goals.

Which of the following would not necessarily require an apology?

An organization has criticized another organization.

Which of the following is not a question in Bagley's decision tree?

Does the proposed action affect any stakeholders?

Which of the following statements about impression management is false?

Impression management is generally damaging to careers.

Which of the following is true about in-group thinking?

In-group members exaggerate the differences between their group and other groups.

Which of the following statements about conflict handling styles is false?

Integrating is always the best style to use.

The first question asked in Bagley's decision tree is:

Is the proposed action legal?

Why is it critical for managers to develop policies and procedures governing the appropriate use of social media?

It can create many legal, financial, and personnel risks.

Jim is the daytime supervisor for an automobile assembly line. He supervises 45 workers who perform routine jobs that require minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Jim is following the transactional model of leadership?

Jim sets goals, monitors progress toward goal achievement, and rewards and punishes people for their level of goal accomplishment.

_________ is a set of culturally learned signals by which we communicate what we mean and interpret others' meanings and evaluate one another as people.

Linguistic style

__________ is the use of manipulation, a cynical view of human nature, and a moral code that puts results over principles.

Machiavellianism

You own your own management consulting firm. At a recent seminar, the owner of a local supermarket chain asks you to help him differentiate between a coalition and a network. Which of the following would be a correct response?

Networks are people-oriented.

Sanjay promotes the benefits of little or no conflict within an organization. This, he states, leads to greater productivity. Is this analysis correct?

No. Organizational conflict is inevitable and can have constructive consequences.

Which of the following statements about conflict is true?

Organizations can suffer from too little conflict.

Eileen is on a five-person team in her business strategy class. The team is responsible for participating in a 10-week simulation of a firm in the airline industry. Eileen contributes frequently in discussions in the twice-weekly team meetings. She is exhibiting the ______ style of listening.

active

________ is when you try to build enthusiasm by appealing to others' emotions, ideals, or values.

an inspirational appeal

Dr. Barbara Sonders determines financial trends in European markets. She analyzes worldwide financial and economic trends to determine the best course of action for European economies. Her decisions are based on complicated and sometimes ambiguous information, and she has to carefully consider all sides of the issue. What type of decision-making style does Dr. Sonders possess?

analytical

Jolene is a mathematics major. She has a high tolerance for ambiguity and tends to overanalyze many situations. What style does Jolene represent?

analytical

In the _________ bias, a decision maker is influenced by the first information received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant.

anchoring

Which of these would you not see from an inspiring transformational leader?

authoritarian leadership

The __________ approach attempts to identify the unique ways of acting displayed by effective leaders.

behavior styles

Daniel has been promoted three times. As he moves up in the organization, he will increasingly need

both business and strategic skills

The relationship between conflict intensity and performance outcomes can be described as

both high and low conflict intensity are related to lower performance.

______ is the idea that decision makers are restricted by constraints when making decisions.

bounded rationality

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a servant-leader?

charisma

A(n) _______ helps guide behavior as well as avoid and overcome conflict.

charter

The first step of added-value negotiation is to

clarify interests.

The ability to make threats or deliver punishment gives an individual or organization _______ power.

coercion

To derive effective solutions in short time spans with limited information, leaders primarily need

cognitive abilities

Donna and Kim are both secretaries for the accounting department. Because someone must be present to answer the phones at all times, different times must be scheduled for each of them to go to lunch. Both of them want the time from noon to 1 p.m. Previous unsuccessful discussions have occurred, resulting in their not speaking to each other. Patti, who also works in the department, sits down separately with each of them to try to explore possible solutions, with the idea that if she can find common ground, they will again discuss alternative schedules face-to-face. Patti is acting as a(n)

conciliator.

___________ are members' interactions aimed at working through task and interpersonal disagreements.

conflict processes

__________ is most likely to build commitment, as opposed to compliance or resistance.

consultation

A study conducted in two prisons showed that the more contact white inmates experienced with African American inmates, the more positive their attitudes toward the African American inmates became. This is an example of the ________ hypothesis.

contact

Which of the following is not a step of the TED protocol for effective presentations?

control your stress

Which of the following is not an example of a crucial conversation?

conveying routine feedback

The team is generating a lot of ideas on how to approach the management case study problem. Everyone seems to have a plan. Joe stands up and says, "I will make a list on the board of all of our ideas." Joe is acting as

coordinator

Negative nonverbal communication skills include avoiding eye contact, ________, and speaking too fast.

crossing your arms

Raj is listening to his parents, who are unhappy about his grades. He is sitting in the chair, with his legs crossed and arms folded. Raj is communicating

defensiveness

_________ occurs when people perceive that they are being attacked or threatened.

defensiveness

Marge is managing several new strategies. Her team knows that she is under pressure to bring all these projects in on schedule and within budget. Marge wants to empower Jason, her assistant project manager, to lead for self-determination or choice. She should

delegate important tasks to Jason.

Jim is head of the marketing department and must decide how to allocate a fixed amount of funds. There are two top projects that Jim believes hold the most promise. Recently, the majority of funds have been allocated to Project A, but Jim wonders if it is time to provide Project B with a larger share of the money. Jim decides to assign a particular individual, Clara, to thoroughly criticize the proposal for Project B, looking for every possible flaw. Which technique is Jim using to help him make a better decision?

devil's advocacy

_______ power comes into play when one's personal characteristics and social relationships become the reason for compliance.

referent

Individuals who are conceptual in decision-making style

rely on intuition and discussions with others to acquire information.

Professor Smith promises Professor Davis that he will buy him dinner if Professor Davis covers class for him one day while Professor Smith is presenting a paper at a conference. Professor Davis agrees, although he is merely going to hand out an assignment to students and be available for questions if they have any. Professor Smith is using his ________ power and Professor Davis is ________.

reward; complying

Sarah and Bill were recently hired at the local manufacturing plant. Before being hired, they were interviewed by the team members with whom they were going to work. The team contained members from various areas of the manufacturing process. As part of the training process, Sarah and Bill met the other team members a number of times, and learned how to perform several administrative tasks, including scheduling work assignments for the team. Sarah and Bill's new team is an example of a(n) ______ team.

self-managed

Positive nonverbal actions include all of the following except

speaking very slowly

A commentator will record and comment on group processes/dynamics, while a(n) _____ will evaluate the quality of group processes.

standard setter

The general strategy for the practical application of situational theories includes all of the following except

stick to one leadership style.

As a manager, Laurel has established a new work group to tackle a particular project. She has introduced all the members to each other and the group has elected a leader. However, lately Laurel has noticed that some group members are procrastinating on their duties. Two cliques have formed within the group and they are frequently arguing with and challenging the group leader's opinions. Which of the following stages of group development process is Laurel observing?

storming

Sam is a manager for a large dry cleaning establishment. He supervises 23 people who perform relatively routine jobs that require minimal training. The shop is unionized, so Sam has little latitude when it comes to dismissing poor performers. However, he does have the authority to transfer employees and has been known to reassign poor performers to less desirable jobs on the line. Sam has a reputation for only transferring employees with just cause, and generally is viewed as a fair supervisor by his employees. Although he would like greater autonomy to determine salaries, Sam generally divides bonuses and raises equally among his employees. To do otherwise would likely create conflict with union members and representatives. According to Fiedler's model, how would Sam's position power be described?

strong

According to Fiedler's theory, a high-control situation favors a __________ leader.

task-motivated

Fiedler's contingency model identifies which leadership styles?

task-motivated or relationship-motivated

A ________ is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

team

Sharon has to train several new freelancers on a fairly simple computer system used by XYZ Company. The freelancers are located in different states. Which of the following mediums best serves her purpose?

webinars

Which of the following is not a factor in media richness?

whether a medium involves electronic methods

________ behaviors are when a leader is planning, scheduling, organizing, and coordinating work.

work-facilitation