Ch. 8 Articulation
Places in the skeleton where bones meet are called
Articulations and joints
Glenohumeral joint
Ball-and-socket
How are individual joints typically named?
Based on the names of the bones involved in the joint
Pivot
Bony process within bony and/or ligament ring
Synovial exmple
Carpometacarpal joint
Intervertebral
Cartilaginous
Joints joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage would be classified as ___ joints
Cartilaginous
The joint between the first rib and the sternum is classified as a
Cartilaginous
A motion in which one end of an appendage is stationary while the other makes a circular motion is
Circumduction
Hinge
Convex cylinder in concave depression of other bone
Both parietal bones join with the frontal bone at the
Coronal suture
Fibrous example
Coronal suture
All types of movements allowed at the elbow joint
Extension Flexion Supination Pronation
What movements are allowed to some extent at the knee joint?
Extension Rotation Flexion
Any joint consisting of two bones joined by dense regular connective tissue without a joint cavity would be classified as a ____ joint
Fibrous
Tooth and alveolar margin
Fibrous
Components of a joint capsule
Fibrous capsule Synovial membrane
List the joint classifications used to describe how the bone ends in a joint are held together
Fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial
Movement that bends or movement of a body part anterior to the coronal plane
Flexion
The rim of fibrocartilage around the margin of the acetabulum is called the acetabular ____
Labrum
What general changes occur in body tissues as a person ages?
Less flexibility Less elasticity Slower tissue repair
Extension
Movement of a body part posterior to the coronal plane
Flexion
Movement of a structure anterior to the coronal plane
Abduction
Movement of a structure away from the midline
Elevation
Movement of a structure superiorly
Adduction
Movement of a structure towards the midline
Dorsiflexion
Movement of the foot towards the shin
Lateral excursion
Movement of the mandible to the right or left of midline
What bones are joined at the lamboid suture?
Occipital Parietal
Describe where sutures are found
Only in the skull
A form of arthritis resulting from normal wear on a joint is
Osteoarthritis
Ellipsoid articulating surface
Oval shaped surface articulating with oval depression in other bone
Ballet dancers often point their toes using a movement referred to as
Planter flexion
What ligaments extend between the tibia and femur in the intercodylar fossa?
Posterior and anterior cruciates
A special movement that involves an anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane is called ____. An example is pushing the mandible forward
Protraction
Cartilaginous example
Pubic symphysis
Joints that are syndemoses
Radioulnar joint Stylomandibular joint Stylohyoid joint
The structure of the joint, the strength of the ligaments, and the actions of the muscles across a joint all determine the joint's
Range of motion
The amount of mobility at a given joint is its range of ____
motion
The movement of the thumb to touch the tip of the finger is called
opposition
A posterior movement of a body part in the transverse place is called
Retraction
An autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks joint tissues is called
Rheumatoid
Supination
Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly
Pronation
Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly
The four muscles that hold the head of the humerus tightly within the glenoid cavity are collectively referred to as the
Rotator cuff
Ball-and-socket articulating surface
Rounded bone surface inside cup-like depression of other bone
Carpometacarpal joint
Saddle
The four sutures found in the adult skull
Sagittal Lamboid Coronal Squamous
What are some good ways to prevent effects of aging on the joints?
Stretching routines Using them regularly Strengthening muscles
Which factor(s) determine range of motion?
Structure of articular surfaces of bones in joint Action of muscles and tendons Strength of ligaments and joint capsule
Squamous
Suture
Types of cartilaginous joints
Symphyses Synchondroses
A joint in which fibrocartilage binds bones together is a
Symphysis
Each joint between two adjacent vertebral bodies is a cartilaginous type of joint known as
Symphysis
A cartilaginous (amphiarthrotic) joint in which hyaline cartilage binds bones together is classified as a __
Synchondrosis
Radioulnar
Syndesmosis
A joint in which bones are separated by a narrow, fluid-filled, encapsulated space is a ____ joint
Synovial
Elbow
Synovial
Flexion, extension, protraction, and eversion are all examples of movements allowed by what general type of joints?
Synovial
Of the structural joint classifications, ____ joints are the most complex
Synovial
The fluid within the articular joint cavity is called
Synovial fluid
All the bones that articulate at the ankle joint
Talus Fibula Tibia
The types of movements that occur at a joint are determined by the
Tightness of ligaments Shape of articulating surfaces Types of connecting tissue
Descriptions of fibrous joints
United by fibrous tissue Have limited range of motion Have no joint cavity
Most synovial joints are functionally classified as
diarthrotic
Types of angular movements allowed at synovial joints
Abduction Extension Flexion
The stability of the hip joint is primarily due to the depth of the
Acetabulum
The movement that can occur to some extent at the shoulder AND hip joints
Adduction and abduction Circumduction Flexion and extension Lateral and medial rotation
Function of the menisci of the knee
Deepening the articular surface
Classifying by function (degree of movement), the elbow joint is classified as a _____, whereas most sutures are functionally classified as _____.
Diarthroses; synarthroses
Atlantoociptal joint
Ellipsoid
Bending the knee/elbow to lift the lower leg/arm is an example of ___, whereas lowering the leg/arm back to the anatomical position is an example of ____
Flexion; extension
The type of movements that occur between flat surfaces sliding over each other area ___ movements
Gliding
Protraction
Gliding movement that moves a structure anteriorly
Identify the fibrous joints
Gomphoses Syndesmoses Sutures
Dentoalveolar
Gomphosis
An abnormal, forced extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion is called
Hyperextension
Proximal radioulnar joint
Pivot
Acromioclavicular joint
Plane
What bones are joined at the squamous suture?
Temporal and parietal
The bones that are involved in the jaw joint
Temporal, mandible
The junction of the mandible and temporal bone of the skull is the
Temporomandibular joint
Inflammation of a tendon sheath is a form of bursitis
Tendinitis
Joints can be classified by
The type of connective tissue binding the bones The presence of a fluid-filled cavity The degree of movement allowed at the joint
Rotation
Turing of a structure around its long axis
Eversion
Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface of the foot faces laterally
Inversion
Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface of the foot faces medially
Structural classification: cartilaginous
Two bones united by cartilage
Structural classification: fibrous
Two bones united by fibrous connective tissue
Structural classification: synovial
Two bones united with an articular capsule and fluid
Plane articulating surface
Two flat bone surfaces
Saddle articulating surface
Two surfaces, both convex and concave at right angles to each other
The membranous areas in the sutures of infants are called
fontanels
The proper anatomical name for the shoulder joint is the
glenohumoral