Ch. 8 Articulation

Places in the skeleton where bones meet are called

Articulations and joints

Glenohumeral joint

Ball-and-socket

How are individual joints typically named?

Based on the names of the bones involved in the joint

Pivot

Bony process within bony and/or ligament ring

Synovial exmple

Carpometacarpal joint

Intervertebral

Cartilaginous

Joints joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage would be classified as ___ joints

Cartilaginous

The joint between the first rib and the sternum is classified as a

Cartilaginous

A motion in which one end of an appendage is stationary while the other makes a circular motion is

Circumduction

Hinge

Convex cylinder in concave depression of other bone

Both parietal bones join with the frontal bone at the

Coronal suture

Fibrous example

Coronal suture

All types of movements allowed at the elbow joint

Extension Flexion Supination Pronation

What movements are allowed to some extent at the knee joint?

Extension Rotation Flexion

Any joint consisting of two bones joined by dense regular connective tissue without a joint cavity would be classified as a ____ joint

Fibrous

Tooth and alveolar margin

Fibrous

Components of a joint capsule

Fibrous capsule Synovial membrane

List the joint classifications used to describe how the bone ends in a joint are held together

Fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial

Movement that bends or movement of a body part anterior to the coronal plane

Flexion

The rim of fibrocartilage around the margin of the acetabulum is called the acetabular ____

Labrum

What general changes occur in body tissues as a person ages?

Less flexibility Less elasticity Slower tissue repair

Extension

Movement of a body part posterior to the coronal plane

Flexion

Movement of a structure anterior to the coronal plane

Abduction

Movement of a structure away from the midline

Elevation

Movement of a structure superiorly

Adduction

Movement of a structure towards the midline

Dorsiflexion

Movement of the foot towards the shin

Lateral excursion

Movement of the mandible to the right or left of midline

What bones are joined at the lamboid suture?

Occipital Parietal

Describe where sutures are found

Only in the skull

A form of arthritis resulting from normal wear on a joint is

Osteoarthritis

Ellipsoid articulating surface

Oval shaped surface articulating with oval depression in other bone

Ballet dancers often point their toes using a movement referred to as

Planter flexion

What ligaments extend between the tibia and femur in the intercodylar fossa?

Posterior and anterior cruciates

A special movement that involves an anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane is called ____. An example is pushing the mandible forward

Protraction

Cartilaginous example

Pubic symphysis

Joints that are syndemoses

Radioulnar joint Stylomandibular joint Stylohyoid joint

The structure of the joint, the strength of the ligaments, and the actions of the muscles across a joint all determine the joint's

Range of motion

The amount of mobility at a given joint is its range of ____

motion

The movement of the thumb to touch the tip of the finger is called

opposition

A posterior movement of a body part in the transverse place is called

Retraction

An autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks joint tissues is called

Rheumatoid

Supination

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly

Pronation

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly

The four muscles that hold the head of the humerus tightly within the glenoid cavity are collectively referred to as the

Rotator cuff

Ball-and-socket articulating surface

Rounded bone surface inside cup-like depression of other bone

Carpometacarpal joint

Saddle

The four sutures found in the adult skull

Sagittal Lamboid Coronal Squamous

What are some good ways to prevent effects of aging on the joints?

Stretching routines Using them regularly Strengthening muscles

Which factor(s) determine range of motion?

Structure of articular surfaces of bones in joint Action of muscles and tendons Strength of ligaments and joint capsule

Squamous

Suture

Types of cartilaginous joints

Symphyses Synchondroses

A joint in which fibrocartilage binds bones together is a

Symphysis

Each joint between two adjacent vertebral bodies is a cartilaginous type of joint known as

Symphysis

A cartilaginous (amphiarthrotic) joint in which hyaline cartilage binds bones together is classified as a __

Synchondrosis

Radioulnar

Syndesmosis

A joint in which bones are separated by a narrow, fluid-filled, encapsulated space is a ____ joint

Synovial

Elbow

Synovial

Flexion, extension, protraction, and eversion are all examples of movements allowed by what general type of joints?

Synovial

Of the structural joint classifications, ____ joints are the most complex

Synovial

The fluid within the articular joint cavity is called

Synovial fluid

All the bones that articulate at the ankle joint

Talus Fibula Tibia

The types of movements that occur at a joint are determined by the

Tightness of ligaments Shape of articulating surfaces Types of connecting tissue

Descriptions of fibrous joints

United by fibrous tissue Have limited range of motion Have no joint cavity

Most synovial joints are functionally classified as

diarthrotic

Types of angular movements allowed at synovial joints

Abduction Extension Flexion

The stability of the hip joint is primarily due to the depth of the

Acetabulum

The movement that can occur to some extent at the shoulder AND hip joints

Adduction and abduction Circumduction Flexion and extension Lateral and medial rotation

Function of the menisci of the knee

Deepening the articular surface

Classifying by function (degree of movement), the elbow joint is classified as a _____, whereas most sutures are functionally classified as _____.

Diarthroses; synarthroses

Atlantoociptal joint

Ellipsoid

Bending the knee/elbow to lift the lower leg/arm is an example of ___, whereas lowering the leg/arm back to the anatomical position is an example of ____

Flexion; extension

The type of movements that occur between flat surfaces sliding over each other area ___ movements

Gliding

Protraction

Gliding movement that moves a structure anteriorly

Identify the fibrous joints

Gomphoses Syndesmoses Sutures

Dentoalveolar

Gomphosis

An abnormal, forced extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion is called

Hyperextension

Proximal radioulnar joint

Pivot

Acromioclavicular joint

Plane

What bones are joined at the squamous suture?

Temporal and parietal

The bones that are involved in the jaw joint

Temporal, mandible

The junction of the mandible and temporal bone of the skull is the

Temporomandibular joint

Inflammation of a tendon sheath is a form of bursitis

Tendinitis

Joints can be classified by

The type of connective tissue binding the bones The presence of a fluid-filled cavity The degree of movement allowed at the joint

Rotation

Turing of a structure around its long axis

Eversion

Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface of the foot faces laterally

Inversion

Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface of the foot faces medially

Structural classification: cartilaginous

Two bones united by cartilage

Structural classification: fibrous

Two bones united by fibrous connective tissue

Structural classification: synovial

Two bones united with an articular capsule and fluid

Plane articulating surface

Two flat bone surfaces

Saddle articulating surface

Two surfaces, both convex and concave at right angles to each other

The membranous areas in the sutures of infants are called

fontanels

The proper anatomical name for the shoulder joint is the

glenohumoral