Ch. 9 Alcohol

Malt helps in the production of alcoholic beverages by _____.

converting the starch in cereal grains into sugar

Lager

cool temps.

The largest-selling imported beer in the United States is _____, from Mexico

corona

Identify a consequence of heavy drinking on the heart and circulation

damage to the heart muscle

Identify a consequence of alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver

decreased ability of the liver to function

_______ is a process in which the solution containing alcohol is heated, and the vapors are collected and condensed into liquid form again

distillation

Identify a true statement about grain neutral spirits, which contain relatively pure alcohol

essentially tasteless

T or F: the culture of extreme drinking necessarily correlates well with overall alcohol consumption

false

By filtering grain neutral spirits through juniper berries and then diluting it with water, a medicinal-tasting drink is produced. This drink is known as _____.

gin

Identify a primary criterion for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome, or FAS

growth retardation occurring before or after birth

Most patients with Wernicke's disease, an alcohol-related organic brain disease, also exhibit Korsakoff's psychosis that is characterized by an _____.

inability to remember recent events or to learn new information

According to studies on twins about alcohol dependence, it was observed that _____.

inheritance plays a role in alcohol dependence

Through the writings indicating a negative view of alcohol, Benjamin Rush _____.

introduced the concept of addiction to a psychoactive substance

Nausea and upset stomach are symptoms of a hangover due to alcohol consumption because alcohol _____.

is a gastric irritant

In 1988, ____ was made the uniform drinking age all across the US

21

Today's standard product from many large commercial distilleries is _______.

95% pure ethyl alcohol

Identify the personality factors that describe an alcoholic personality

passive, impulsive, depressed

Identify a true statement about the prohibition laws during the 1920's

they were increasingly violated by people

Identify the diseases associated with immune deficits seen in chronic alcohol abusers.

tuberculosis, pneumonia, cholera

Generics (wine)

Named after European land areas where the original wines were produced

Varietals (wine)

Named after one variety of grape that makes up at least 51% of the grapes used in producing the wine

In the primary metabolic system, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to _____.

acetaldehyde

The liver responds to chronic intake of alcohol by increasing the ______.

activity of metabolic enzymes

Generalized loss of brain tissue that results from direct alcohol toxicity is associated with _______ _______, which is a global decline of intellect.

alcoholic dementia

An action of alcohol on the brain is to decrease the output of the _____ responsible for retaining fluid in the body

antidiuretic hormone

During the process of fermentation, yeast recombines the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen of sugar into ethyl alcohol and _____.

carbon dioxide

Give alcohol to individuals in shock or extreme cold is not advisable because alcohol _____.

dilates the peripheral blood vessels in the central nervous system

Death resulting from acute alcohol intoxication usually is the result of respiratory failure when the _____.

medulla is depressed

Ale

slightly warmer temps.

Identify a true statement about liqueurs, or cordials

they are similar in some ways to the fortified wines

In the context of alcohol's mechanism of action, identify a disadvantage of using alcohol as an anesthetic

it has a long duration of action that cannot be controlled

Identify a true statement about alcoholic hepatitis, which is a disease caused by prolonged alcohol intake

it occurs in areas of the liver where cells are dead and dying

Identify a finding of surveys that studied the influence of alcohol on sexual behavior

people are more likely to have sex on a date when they drink alcohol on that date

Ryan, a 20 year old university student, attended a college party. He and his friends drank a lot of alcohol at the party. One of Ryan's friends, John, was about to pass out after drinking alcohol. In this scenario, Ryan should ______.

place John on side

As most American beer is sold in bottles or cans, yeast must be removed in order to _______.

prevent from spoiling

In the United States, the alcoholic content of distilled beverages is indicated by the term ____.

proof

Alcohol taken with or after a meal is absorbed more slowly because the _____.

protein in the food retains the alcohol with it in the stomach

Identify the abnormalities in facial features associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

short length of the nose flattening of the philtrum

Identify a hormone-related disorder in men that is associated with chronic alcohol abuse

testicular atrophy

According to comparative statistics based on reported sales, _____ leads the list for beer consumption

the Czech Republic

Identify an event in the US that made people consider the value of tax revenue from alcohol sale

the great depression

In the context of alcohol distribution in the body, women might be more susceptible to the effects of alcohol because _____.

the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is more active in men than in women

In 2000, the U.S. Congress passed legislation requiring states to reduce the blood alcohol concentration for driving under the influence, or DUI, conviction from 0.10 to _____?

0.08

Arrange the stages in the malting of beer during the production of American beer in the order of their occurence

1. Barley is steeped in water and allowed to sprout 2. Sprouted barley is dried to kill the sprout 3. Malt is crushed and mixed with water 4. Enzymes in malt convert starch to sugar

Arrange the steps involved in the production of light beers in the correct order of occurrence

1. Mash of barley malt and other cereal grains is fermented at a cooler temp. for a longer time 2. Alcohol content is adjusted by adding water 3. A beverage with considerably less sugar and only a bit less alcohol is produced

Arrange the stages of the abstinence syndrome that develops after ceasing alcohol use in the correct order of occurrence

1. Tremors 2. Hallucinations 3. Delusions 4. Seizure activity

States that did not allow sales of liquor became fewer until 1966 _____, the last dry state, allowed sales of liquor.

Mississippi

After Congress initiated a significant tax increase on alcoholic beverages in 1991, the total increase in cost to the consumer resulted in _____.

about a 2% decrease in sales of beer and liquor during the first half of the year

The disease model of alcohol dependence suggests that _____.

alcohol dependence is a progressive disease characterized by a loss of control over drinking

If a person suffers from alcohol-related fatty liver, the liver uses stored fatty acids for energy when _____.

alcohol input ceases

It was discovered many years ago in Spain that if enough _____ is added to a newly fermented wine the fermentation will stop

brandy

Which of the following is a negative consequence of Prohibition?

buying and selling of alcohol illegally

When alcohol is formed during distillation, other alcohols and oils that are known as ________ are also formed.

congeners