Ch. 9 Alcohol
Malt helps in the production of alcoholic beverages by _____.
converting the starch in cereal grains into sugar
Lager
cool temps.
The largest-selling imported beer in the United States is _____, from Mexico
corona
Identify a consequence of heavy drinking on the heart and circulation
damage to the heart muscle
Identify a consequence of alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver
decreased ability of the liver to function
_______ is a process in which the solution containing alcohol is heated, and the vapors are collected and condensed into liquid form again
distillation
Identify a true statement about grain neutral spirits, which contain relatively pure alcohol
essentially tasteless
T or F: the culture of extreme drinking necessarily correlates well with overall alcohol consumption
false
By filtering grain neutral spirits through juniper berries and then diluting it with water, a medicinal-tasting drink is produced. This drink is known as _____.
gin
Identify a primary criterion for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome, or FAS
growth retardation occurring before or after birth
Most patients with Wernicke's disease, an alcohol-related organic brain disease, also exhibit Korsakoff's psychosis that is characterized by an _____.
inability to remember recent events or to learn new information
According to studies on twins about alcohol dependence, it was observed that _____.
inheritance plays a role in alcohol dependence
Through the writings indicating a negative view of alcohol, Benjamin Rush _____.
introduced the concept of addiction to a psychoactive substance
Nausea and upset stomach are symptoms of a hangover due to alcohol consumption because alcohol _____.
is a gastric irritant
In 1988, ____ was made the uniform drinking age all across the US
21
Today's standard product from many large commercial distilleries is _______.
95% pure ethyl alcohol
Identify the personality factors that describe an alcoholic personality
passive, impulsive, depressed
Identify a true statement about the prohibition laws during the 1920's
they were increasingly violated by people
Identify the diseases associated with immune deficits seen in chronic alcohol abusers.
tuberculosis, pneumonia, cholera
Generics (wine)
Named after European land areas where the original wines were produced
Varietals (wine)
Named after one variety of grape that makes up at least 51% of the grapes used in producing the wine
In the primary metabolic system, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to _____.
acetaldehyde
The liver responds to chronic intake of alcohol by increasing the ______.
activity of metabolic enzymes
Generalized loss of brain tissue that results from direct alcohol toxicity is associated with _______ _______, which is a global decline of intellect.
alcoholic dementia
An action of alcohol on the brain is to decrease the output of the _____ responsible for retaining fluid in the body
antidiuretic hormone
During the process of fermentation, yeast recombines the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen of sugar into ethyl alcohol and _____.
carbon dioxide
Give alcohol to individuals in shock or extreme cold is not advisable because alcohol _____.
dilates the peripheral blood vessels in the central nervous system
Death resulting from acute alcohol intoxication usually is the result of respiratory failure when the _____.
medulla is depressed
Ale
slightly warmer temps.
Identify a true statement about liqueurs, or cordials
they are similar in some ways to the fortified wines
In the context of alcohol's mechanism of action, identify a disadvantage of using alcohol as an anesthetic
it has a long duration of action that cannot be controlled
Identify a true statement about alcoholic hepatitis, which is a disease caused by prolonged alcohol intake
it occurs in areas of the liver where cells are dead and dying
Identify a finding of surveys that studied the influence of alcohol on sexual behavior
people are more likely to have sex on a date when they drink alcohol on that date
Ryan, a 20 year old university student, attended a college party. He and his friends drank a lot of alcohol at the party. One of Ryan's friends, John, was about to pass out after drinking alcohol. In this scenario, Ryan should ______.
place John on side
As most American beer is sold in bottles or cans, yeast must be removed in order to _______.
prevent from spoiling
In the United States, the alcoholic content of distilled beverages is indicated by the term ____.
proof
Alcohol taken with or after a meal is absorbed more slowly because the _____.
protein in the food retains the alcohol with it in the stomach
Identify the abnormalities in facial features associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
short length of the nose flattening of the philtrum
Identify a hormone-related disorder in men that is associated with chronic alcohol abuse
testicular atrophy
According to comparative statistics based on reported sales, _____ leads the list for beer consumption
the Czech Republic
Identify an event in the US that made people consider the value of tax revenue from alcohol sale
the great depression
In the context of alcohol distribution in the body, women might be more susceptible to the effects of alcohol because _____.
the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is more active in men than in women
In 2000, the U.S. Congress passed legislation requiring states to reduce the blood alcohol concentration for driving under the influence, or DUI, conviction from 0.10 to _____?
0.08
Arrange the stages in the malting of beer during the production of American beer in the order of their occurence
1. Barley is steeped in water and allowed to sprout 2. Sprouted barley is dried to kill the sprout 3. Malt is crushed and mixed with water 4. Enzymes in malt convert starch to sugar
Arrange the steps involved in the production of light beers in the correct order of occurrence
1. Mash of barley malt and other cereal grains is fermented at a cooler temp. for a longer time 2. Alcohol content is adjusted by adding water 3. A beverage with considerably less sugar and only a bit less alcohol is produced
Arrange the stages of the abstinence syndrome that develops after ceasing alcohol use in the correct order of occurrence
1. Tremors 2. Hallucinations 3. Delusions 4. Seizure activity
States that did not allow sales of liquor became fewer until 1966 _____, the last dry state, allowed sales of liquor.
Mississippi
After Congress initiated a significant tax increase on alcoholic beverages in 1991, the total increase in cost to the consumer resulted in _____.
about a 2% decrease in sales of beer and liquor during the first half of the year
The disease model of alcohol dependence suggests that _____.
alcohol dependence is a progressive disease characterized by a loss of control over drinking
If a person suffers from alcohol-related fatty liver, the liver uses stored fatty acids for energy when _____.
alcohol input ceases
It was discovered many years ago in Spain that if enough _____ is added to a newly fermented wine the fermentation will stop
brandy
Which of the following is a negative consequence of Prohibition?
buying and selling of alcohol illegally
When alcohol is formed during distillation, other alcohols and oils that are known as ________ are also formed.
congeners