Ch. 9

absorption of calcium and phosphorus, maintenance of normal blood calcium, calcification of bone, and maintenance of immune function is the major function of vitamin ______.

D

long term studies _________ in showing that high intakes of vitamin E consistently reduced the risk of chronic disease. -failed -succeeded

failed

true or false: vitamin E supplementation has ben shown to reduce the frisk of chronic disease.

false

how do vitamins participate in energy production?

they participate in the chemical reactions that produce energy

vitamin is a term created from _______ meaning necessary for life and ________ meaning containing nitrogen.

vita ; amine

what is a complex organic compound that regulated certain metabolic processes in the body?

vitamin

what fat-soluble vitamin serves as a major antioxidant in the body? - K - A - D - E

vitamin E

which fat-soluble vitamin is involved in the production of active blood clotting factors? - D - K - E - A

vitamin K

choose the true statement about vitamin D. -vitamin D comes only from animal food sources -calciferol comes from plant and animal sources -vitamin D is not considered an essential nutrient -vitamin D is considered a hormone

-calciferol comes from plant and animal sources -vitamin D is not considered an essential nutrient -vitamin D is considered a hormone

what roles does vitamin A play in the body? -cell production -formation of epithelial cells -cell growth -reduction of white blood cell production

-cell production -formation of epithelial cells -cell growth

where does the healthy body store vitamin E? -skin -liver -body fat -pancreas -skeletal muscle

-liver -body fat -skeletal muscle

which groups of people are most at risk of developing a vitamin A deficiency? -older adults -people with fat malabsorption -people who do not exercise frequently -preschoolers who don't eat vegetables

-older adults -people with fat malabsorption -preschoolers who don't eat vegetables

which of the following are major food sources of vitamin K? -margarine and salad dressing -dairy products and meat -soybean and canola oils -green leafy vegetables

-soybean and canola oils -green leafy vegetables -margarine and salad dressing

what criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin? -the nutrient can be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities if i take is not adequate -the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health -signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet -the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods

-the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health -signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet -the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods

according to a nationwide survey, approximately _______ of American adults had low blood levels of vitamin D.

50%

Vitamin _ participates in the development of epithelial cells, the production of white blood cells, and bone growth.

A

normal vision and reproduction, cellular growth, and immune system function is the major function of vitamin _______.

A

alpha-tocopherol is a form of vitamin ______.

E

antioxidant is the major function of vitamin _______.

E

production of active blood-clotting factors, prevention of soft tissue calcification is major function of vitamin ______.

K

children with leg bones that bow under the weight of carrying the upper part of the body is a sign of _________, a disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency

Rickets

what is the primary function of vitamin K? -transfer of fat to the liver -nerve transmission -blood clotting

blood clotting

the yellow-orange pigments in fruits and vegetables are called _________

carotenoids

vitamin E protects the polyunsaturated fatty acids that are located in the cell membranes from being damaged by __________________.

free radicals

about 10% of the body's supply of menaquinone (vitamin K2) is supplied by _________.

intestinal bacteria

the amine in vitamin means ____________

nitrogen-containing substance

which of the following is true about vitamin E? -all forms of vitamin E are used by the body -only the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E is used by the body

only the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E is used by the body

vitamin D comes from both plant and animal food sources, the ____________ form of vitamin D is called ergocalciferol.

plant

Vitamin K deficiency may develop in individuals on long term antibiotic therapy because such therapy can ___________ the number of bacteria in the colon that synthesize the vitamin naturally.

reduce

several studies have displayed a relationship with vitamin K intake and _____________ risk of osteoporosis

reduced

Vitamin A is transported in the blood bound to ____________ _____________ ____________.

retinol binding protein

what is the primary site of vitamin absorption?

small intestine

what foods are good sources of vitamin E? -sunflower seeds and plant oils -meats and dairy products -processed grain products

sunflower seeds and plant oils

vitamins provide ________ kilocalories per gram.

zero

which vitamin is found in plant and animal food sources but can also be synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract?

vitamin K