Ch. 9
absorption of calcium and phosphorus, maintenance of normal blood calcium, calcification of bone, and maintenance of immune function is the major function of vitamin ______.
D
long term studies _________ in showing that high intakes of vitamin E consistently reduced the risk of chronic disease. -failed -succeeded
failed
true or false: vitamin E supplementation has ben shown to reduce the frisk of chronic disease.
false
how do vitamins participate in energy production?
they participate in the chemical reactions that produce energy
vitamin is a term created from _______ meaning necessary for life and ________ meaning containing nitrogen.
vita ; amine
what is a complex organic compound that regulated certain metabolic processes in the body?
vitamin
what fat-soluble vitamin serves as a major antioxidant in the body? - K - A - D - E
vitamin E
which fat-soluble vitamin is involved in the production of active blood clotting factors? - D - K - E - A
vitamin K
choose the true statement about vitamin D. -vitamin D comes only from animal food sources -calciferol comes from plant and animal sources -vitamin D is not considered an essential nutrient -vitamin D is considered a hormone
-calciferol comes from plant and animal sources -vitamin D is not considered an essential nutrient -vitamin D is considered a hormone
what roles does vitamin A play in the body? -cell production -formation of epithelial cells -cell growth -reduction of white blood cell production
-cell production -formation of epithelial cells -cell growth
where does the healthy body store vitamin E? -skin -liver -body fat -pancreas -skeletal muscle
-liver -body fat -skeletal muscle
which groups of people are most at risk of developing a vitamin A deficiency? -older adults -people with fat malabsorption -people who do not exercise frequently -preschoolers who don't eat vegetables
-older adults -people with fat malabsorption -preschoolers who don't eat vegetables
which of the following are major food sources of vitamin K? -margarine and salad dressing -dairy products and meat -soybean and canola oils -green leafy vegetables
-soybean and canola oils -green leafy vegetables -margarine and salad dressing
what criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin? -the nutrient can be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities if i take is not adequate -the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health -signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet -the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods
-the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health -signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet -the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods
according to a nationwide survey, approximately _______ of American adults had low blood levels of vitamin D.
50%
Vitamin _ participates in the development of epithelial cells, the production of white blood cells, and bone growth.
A
normal vision and reproduction, cellular growth, and immune system function is the major function of vitamin _______.
A
alpha-tocopherol is a form of vitamin ______.
E
antioxidant is the major function of vitamin _______.
E
production of active blood-clotting factors, prevention of soft tissue calcification is major function of vitamin ______.
K
children with leg bones that bow under the weight of carrying the upper part of the body is a sign of _________, a disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
what is the primary function of vitamin K? -transfer of fat to the liver -nerve transmission -blood clotting
blood clotting
the yellow-orange pigments in fruits and vegetables are called _________
carotenoids
vitamin E protects the polyunsaturated fatty acids that are located in the cell membranes from being damaged by __________________.
free radicals
about 10% of the body's supply of menaquinone (vitamin K2) is supplied by _________.
intestinal bacteria
the amine in vitamin means ____________
nitrogen-containing substance
which of the following is true about vitamin E? -all forms of vitamin E are used by the body -only the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E is used by the body
only the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E is used by the body
vitamin D comes from both plant and animal food sources, the ____________ form of vitamin D is called ergocalciferol.
plant
Vitamin K deficiency may develop in individuals on long term antibiotic therapy because such therapy can ___________ the number of bacteria in the colon that synthesize the vitamin naturally.
reduce
several studies have displayed a relationship with vitamin K intake and _____________ risk of osteoporosis
reduced
Vitamin A is transported in the blood bound to ____________ _____________ ____________.
retinol binding protein
what is the primary site of vitamin absorption?
small intestine
what foods are good sources of vitamin E? -sunflower seeds and plant oils -meats and dairy products -processed grain products
sunflower seeds and plant oils
vitamins provide ________ kilocalories per gram.
zero
which vitamin is found in plant and animal food sources but can also be synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract?
vitamin K
