Ch. 9 Quiz

Which term refers to power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised?

authority

The ________ theorists view education as an instrument of elite domination.

conflict

The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity, such as factories and plants, is known as:

deindustrialization.

Generally, in societies based on rational-legal authority, leaders are thought to:

have specific fields of competence and authority.

The basic objective of a socialist economic system is to:

meet people's needs.

In the context of perspectives on education, the labeling approach suggests that:

people may fulfill other's expectations if they are treated in particular ways.

The pluralist model of power relations in the United States suggests that:

power is held by many competing groups within a community that have access to government, so that no single group is dominant.

All of the following are examples of hidden curriculum in schools EXCEPT:

teachers preparing students for a state standardized test in mathematics and verbal skills.

Socialists believe that:

the central government, acting on behalf of the people, should make basic economic decisions.

According to which sociological perspective did the media begin expressing concern over downsizing only when it began to impact middle-class managers and white-collar employees?

the conflict perspective

Which of the following sociological perspectives on education argues that the standardization of educational curricula generally reflects the values, interests, and lifestyles of the most powerful groups in a society?

the conflict perspective

Which of the following sociological perspectives on education observes that bureaucratization of education increases the likelihood that students, teachers, and administrators will be dealt with fairly—that is, on the basis of rational, equitable criteria?

the functionalist perspective

One research study revealed that teachers' expectations have an impact on students' athletic achievements. This situation would be of particular interest to which of the following sociological perspectives on education?

the interactionist perspective

Enrolling children in school keeps them off the street and out of trouble. This is an example of:

the latent function of education.

Teaching students to read and write, to calculate numbers, and to master the facts of their society's histories are all examples of:

the manifest function of education.

Capitalism is an economic system in which:

the means of production are held largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.

The term "tracking" is best described as:

the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of their test scores and other criteria.

The United States has considered a national healthcare system that would guarantee all citizens medical coverage as a basic human right. The government's involvement in providing healthcare to all citizens is characteristic of which type of economic system?

the socialist system

The most basic manifest function of education is:

the transmission of knowledge.

Rational-legal authority refers to leaders who derive their authority from:

the written rules and regulations of political systems.

Charismatic authority refers to leaders who derive their authority from:

their exceptional personal or emotional appeal to their followers.

________ is/are designed to prevent any business from taking over so much of an industry that it gains control of the market.

Antitrust legislation

Which of the following statements about education in the United States is correct?

Education is a major industry in the United States. Higher education confers significant economic benefits. Project Head Start serves more than 1 million children annually.

The term "downsizing" refers to reductions taken in:

a company's workforce.

The teacher-expectancy effect refers to a phenomenon in which:

a teacher's expectations about a student's performance may make an impact on the student's actual achievements.