Ch.10 Study Questions (Part 1)

REM sleep is normally preceded by stage _______ sleep. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

2

The usual duration of the typical human repeating sleep cycle is a. 1‒2 minutes. b. 10‒20 minutes. c. 90‒110 minutes. d. 3‒4 hours

90-110 minutes

When deprived of time cues, people tend to show activity cycles that are a. exactly 24 hours long. b. a little less than 24 hours long. c. a little more than 24 hours long. d. completely unpredictable

A little more than 24 hours long

Destruction of the SCN _______ circadian rhythms of hormone secretion. a. lengthens b. abolishes c. does not affect d. shortens

Abolishes

In the absence of light cues, hamsters with two copies of the tau mutation will show biological rhythms with periods of _______ hours. a. just under 24 b. about 20 c. about 12 d. about 8

About 20

If animals that are normally seasonal are kept in a laboratory and receive no information about changes in day length or temperature (i.e. housed in constant dark), their circannual rhythms will a. persist, with a period of 365 days. b. become free-running. c. disappear. d. persist, but only in females

Become free-running

Because of shifts in circadian rhythms that occur around puberty, students at high schools that begin the school day after 8:30 am generally experience a. increased levels of depression. b. better academic performance. c. lower school attendance. d. faster growth rates

Better academic performance

The type of rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a particular behavior once a day is called a(n) _______ rhythm. a. infradian b. ultradian c. circadian d. circannual

Circadian

Which statement is about the molecular clock is false? a. The proteins Clock and Cycle bind to form a dimer. b. The Clock/Cycle dimer enhances DNA transcription of the genes for Per and Cry. c. Per and Cry inhibit the Clock/Cycle dimer. d. Clock and Cycle proteins eventually break down and the 24 hour cycle begins again

Clock and Cycle proteins eventually break down and the 24 hour cycle begins again

A diurnal animal will likely feed during the a. daytime. b. nighttime. c. period just before dusk. d. daytime and the nighttime.

Daytime

Nocturnal animals are usually asleep during the a. daytime. b. nighttime. c. period just before dusk. d. period just before dawn

Daytime

9. The process by which an animal slowly shifts its circadian rhythm to synchronize with the time of sunrise each day is called a. period adjustment. b. zeitgeber. c. phase adjustment. d. entrainment

Entrainment

When a hamster or a person continues to display an activity cycle without any external cues about the time of day, the cycle is said to be a. arrhythmic. b. dysrhythmic. c. circumspect. d. free-running

Free-running

_______ is a symptom of a mismatch between internal and external time while traveling. a. Entrainment b. Zeitgeber c. Jet lag d. Free-run

Jet lag

Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is characterized by a. the periodic appearance of spindles. b. low-voltage, high-frequency scalp EEG activity. c. slow waves with a frequency of 10 Hz. d. large-amplitude delta waves

Large-amplitude waves

If SCN neurons are transplanted from animal A to animal B, and animal B previously had its SCN lesioned, animal B's rhythmicity will a. disappear. b. become abnormally short. c. match the donor's rhythm. d. become infradian

Match the donor's rhythm

Which hormone has been especially implicated in informing the brain about daylight? a. Melatonin b. Serotonin c. Melanopsin d. Tryptophan

Melatonin

In an experiment with hamsters, if a light with a timer is adjusted so that the light switches on and off 6 hours earlier than the animals are used to, they will show a. period adjustment. b. zeitgeber. c. phase shift. d. arrhythmia

Phase shift

Unlike in mammals, in birds the _______ is sensitive to light and may mediate entrainment of rhythms even after surgical removal of the eyes. a. SCN b. pituitary c. pineal gland d. thalamus

Pineal gland

Flaccidity in the large muscles of the body is associated most commonly with _______ sleep. a. stage 1 b. stage 3 c. REM d. Both a and b

REM

If you recall a vivid dream as you wake up, you likely to have been in _______ sleep just before awakening. a. stage 1 b. stage 2 c. stage 3 d. REM

REM

Nightmares are associated with ______ sleep. a. stage 1 b. stage 2 c. stage 3 d. REM

REM

In a person who is sleeping, _______ sleep shows periodic bursts of 12‒14 Hz brain activity in an EEG recording. a. stage 1 b. stage 2 c. stages 3 d. REM

Stage 2

A child wakes suddenly after sleeping for a couple of hours, is terrified and shows significant autonomic activity, such as a racing heart rate and dilated pupils. When questioned, the child cannot remember what frightened her. It is likely the child has just woken from _______ sleep. a. stage 1 b. stage 2 c. stage 3 d. REM

Stage 3

Slow, large-amplitude waves are seen in the EEG records of people who are in _______ sleep. a. stage 1 b. stage 2 c. stage 3 d. REM

Stage 3

Hamsters carrying the _______ mutation show abnormally short free-running rhythms. a. alpha b. gamma c. delta d. tau

Tau

If an adult hamster with a 24-hour endogenous rhythm receives a lesion to the SCN and a subsequent SCN transplant from a young hamster with an endogenous rhythm of 20 hours, which outcome occurs? a. The adult hamster will be arrhythmic. b. The adult hamster will adopt a 20-hour rhythm. c. The adult hamster will regain its original 24-hour rhythm. d. The adult hamster will fail to entrain to the light-dark cycle

The adult hamster will adopt a 20-hour rhythm

Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is especially prominent during _______ of a night's sleep. a. the latter half b. the initial half c. the last complete cycle d. the first 30 minutes

The initial half

The pineal gland of some birds and reptiles is referred to as a primitive "third eye" because a. it feeds light information to the eye. b. the skull over the pineal gland is especially thin, so it can sense light. c. it secretes the hormone melatonin, which is a metabolite of a hallucinogen. d. it is the only unilateral structure in the brain

The skull over the pineal gland is especially thin, so it can sense light

The type of rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a particular behavior every six hours is called a(n) _______ rhythm. a. infradian b. ultradian c. circadian d. circannual

Ultradian

In the typical sleep pattern of healthy adults, the first REM period of the night may last a few minutes while the last REM period may last a. less than a few seconds. b. less than 1 minute. c. up to 15 minutes. d. up to 40 minutes

Up to 40 minutes

Dreams experienced during REM sleep are characterized by a. vague visual imagery. b. a lack in intellectual content. c. realistic visual imagery. d. complicated story lines

Vague visual imagery

Any cue that an animal uses to synchronize its activity with the environment is called a(n) a. entrainer. b. phase. c. period. d. zeitgeber

Zeitgeber

The external cue that animals use to discern the time of day is called a a. period adjuster. b. phase shift. c. zeitgeber. d. temporizer

Zeitgeber

The stimulus (usually the light-dark cycle) that entrains circadian rhythms is called a(n) a. oscillating cycle. b. phase marker. c. zeitgeber. d. biological rhythm

Zeitgeber