Ch.3 instruments, engines, systems

the main purpose of the mixture control is to

Adjust the fuel flow obtain the proper air/fuel ratio

the first indication of cab ice in an aircraft witha fixed-pitch prop is

a decrease in rpm

the presence of carb ice in an aircraft equipped with a fix-pitch prop can be verified by applying cab hear and noting

a decrease in rpm and then gradual increase in rpm

to absorb engine power and to develop max thrust, a constant -speed propeller should be adjusted to a blade angle which will produce

a small angle of attack and high rpm

what should be the first action after starting an aircraft engine

adjust for proper rpm and check for desired indications on the engines gauges

In the northern hemisphere, which would be correct about starting the rollout from a turn using a magnetic compass? start the rollout...

after the compass indication passes south by a number of degrees approx equal to the latitude minus the normal rollout lead

if the pitot tube is clogged, which instrument would be affected?

airspeed indicator

the pitot system provides impact pressure for which instrument?

airspeed indicator

a possible result of using the emergency alternate source of static pressure inside the cabin of an unpressurized airplane is the

altimeter may indicate an altitude higher than the actual altitude being flown

In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the north if

an aircraft is accelerated while on an east or west heading

concerning the advantages of an aircraft generator or alternator, select the true statement

an alternator provides more electrical power at lower engine rpm than a generator

coolant in a liquid cooled engine is normally circulated by

an engine driven pump

proper mixture control and better economy in the operation of a fuel injected engine can be achieved best by use of

an exhaust gas temp indicator

what type of oxygen should be used to replenish an aircraft oxygen systems?

aviation

in addition to and added safety factor, dual ignition systems also provide

better combustion

one advantage of fuel injection systems over carb systems is

better fuel distribution to the cylinders

if the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the most noticeable result will be that engine

cannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position

concerning carb icing, which statement is true?

carb icing would most likely form when the air temp is between -7 and +21 degrees and visible moisture or high humidity is present

excessively high engine temps will

cause a loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage

excessively high engine temps, either in the air or on the ground, will

cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage

deviation error of the magnetic compass is caused by

certain metals and electrical systems within the aircraft

blade angle of a propeller is defined as the angle between the

chord line and plane of rotation

which statement is true about the effect of temperature changes on the indications of a sensitive altimeter?

colder-than-standard temperatures will place the aircraft lower than the altimeter indicates

when refueling aircraft, which precaution would be adequate for eliminating the potential hazard of static electricity?

connect a ground wire between the aircraft, fuel truck, fuel nozzle, and ground

what type of oxygen system is most commonly found in general aviation aircraft?

continuous flow

In the Northern Hemisphere, if an aircraft is accelerated or decelerated, the magnetic compass will normally indicate

correctly when on a north or south heading while either accelerating or decelerating

if the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the engine

could accidentally start if the propeller is moved with fuel in the cylinder

generally speaking, the use of carb heat tends to

decrease engine performance

the first indication of carb icing in an aircraft equipped with a constant-speed propeller would most likely be a

decrease in manifold pressure

the basic purpose of adjusting the fuel/air mixture control at altitude is to

decrease the fuel flow to compensate for decreased air density

if the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower than that specified, it may cause

dentonation

which statement is true about magnetic deviation of a compass?

deviation varies for different headings of the same aircraft

the distance a propeller actually advances in one revolution is

effective pitch

what energy source is used to drive the turbine of a turbocharged airplane?

engine exhuast gases

detonation in an aircraft engine is most likely to occur whenever the

engine is operated under conditions which cause the fuel mixture to burn instantly

during climbing flight using a turbocharged airplane, the manifold pressure will remain approx. constant until the

engine's critical altitude is reached

what precautions should be taken with respect to aircraft oxygen systems

ensure that industrial oxygen has not been used to replenish the system

an electrical system failure occurs during flight. In this situation, you would

experience avionics equipment failure

many 4-cycle engine utilize what type of lubrication system?

forced

four-cycle engines are lubricated by

forcing oil directly to the components requiring lubrication

at high altitudes, an excessively rich mixture will cause the

fouling of spark plugs

detonation occurs at high power settings when the

fuel mixture explodes instead of burning progressively and evenly

to properly purge water from the fuel system of an aircraft equipped with the fuel tank sumps and a fuel strainer quick drain, it is necessary to drain fuel from the

fuel strainer drain the fuel tank sumps

fouling spark plugs is more apt to occur if the aircraft

gains altitude with no mixture adjustment

propeller slip is the difference between the

geometric pitch and the effective pitch of the propeller

which instrument would be affected by excessively low pressure in the airplane's vacuum system?

heading indicator

what is the purpose of the rebreather bag on an oxygen mask in continuous-flow system?

helps to conserve oxygen

during pre-flight in cold weather, crankcase breather lines should receive special attention because they are susceptible to being clogged by

ice from crankcase vapors that have condensed and subsequently frozen

crankcase breather lines of an aircraft engine should receive special attention during pre-flight in cold weather because they are susceptible to being clogged by

ice in the breather lines

the amount of water absorbed in aviation fuels will

increase as the temp of the fuel increases

the operating principle of float-type cabs is based on thje

increase in air velocity in the throat of a venturi causing a decrease in air pressure

during power-off stalls with flaps full down, the stall occurs and the pointer on the airspeed indicator shows a speed less than the minimum limit of the white arc on the indicator. This is most probably due to

installation error in the pitot-static system

carburetor ice

is more likely to form when outside air temperatures are below 70 degrees and relative humidity is above 80 %

fuel injection systems, compared to carb systems, are generally considered to be

just as susceptible to impact icing

in an aircraft equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller and a float-type carb, the first indication of carb ice would most likely be

loss of rpm

pitot-static system errors are generally the greatest in which range of airspeed?

low airspeed

if the static pressure tubes are broken inside a pressurized cabin during a high- altitude flight, the altimeter would probably indicate

lower than actual flight atitude

if a pilot suspects that the engine is detonating during climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to

lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed

what is important airspeed limitation not color coded on airspeed indicators?

maneuvering speed

which airspeed is identified by color coding on an airspeed indicator?

max structural crusing speed

the pilot controls the air/fuel ratio with the

mixture control

if both the ram-air input and drain hole of the pitot system are blocked, what airspeed indication can be expected?

no variation of indicated airspeed in level flight even if large power cahnges are made

if, during flight, you notice that the cylinder head temp indication exceeds the normal operating range, how would you proceed to cool the engine?

open the cowl flaps, increase airspeed, decrease engine rpm, and richen the mixture

if the engine oil temp and cylinder head temp gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, you may have been

operating with too much power and with the mixture set too lean

the reason for variations in geometric pitch along a propeller blade is that it

permits a relatively constant angle of attack along its length when in cruising flight

during which stroke of a reciprocating engine is the gaseous mixture expanding within the cylinder?

power

what does the lower limit of the white arc on an airspeed indicator represent?

power-off stall speed in a landing configuration

what does the lower limit of the green arc on an airspeed indicator represent?

power-off stall speed in a specified configuration

the uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as

pre-ignition

prior to starting the engine, the manifold pressure gauge usually indicates approx 29"hg. This is because the

pressure within the manifold is the same as atmospheric pressure

what is the main reason fuel tank vents must be open? to allow

proper air pressure within the tanks for maintaining a steady fuel flow

which statement is true regarding propeller efficiency? propeller efficiency is the

ratio of thrust horsepower to brake horsepower

what action can a pilot take to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating during a climb?

reduce rate of climb and increase airspeed

unless adjusted, the fuel/air mixture becomes richer with an increase in altitude because the amount of fuel

remains constant while the density of air decreases

which statement is true regarding fouling of the spark plugs of an engine?

spark plug fouling results from operating with an excessively rich mixture

which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing?

temp between 20 and 70 degrees and high humidity

when the pilot leans the mixture control, what is being accomplished?

the amount of fuel entering the combustion chamber is being reduced

for internal cooling, air-cooled engines are especially dependent on

the circulation of lubricating oil

which statement is true regarding preheating of an aircraft during cold-weather operations?

the cockpit, as well as the engine, should be preheated

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the northern hemisphere?

the compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring

as flight altitude increases, what will occur if no leaning is made with mixture control?

the density of air entering the carb decreases and the amount of fuel remains constant

running a fuel tank dry before switching tanks is not a good practice because

the engine-driven fuel pump or electric fuel boost pump draw air into the fuel

the best power mixture is that fuel/air ratio at which

the most power can be obtained for any given throttle setting

an abnormally high engine oil temp indication may be caused by

the oil level being too low

an abnormally high engine oil temp indication may be caused by

the oil quantity being too low

detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when

the unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally

detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when

the unburned fuel/air charge in the cylinders is subjected to instant combustion

air cooled engine s dissipate heat

through cooling fins on the cylinder and head

fuel and exhaust enter and exit a 4-cycle engine

through intake and exhaust valve ports

during preflight,the fuel vent system should always be checked

to ensure the vent is open

what is the primary advantage of a constant-speed propeller?

to obtain a pitch setting that is suitable for each flight situation and power setting

What airspeed indicator marking identifies the max structural cruising speed of an aircraft?

upper limit of the green arc

detonation can be caused by

using a lower grade of fuel than recommended

the low temp that causes carb ice in an engine equipped with a float-type carb is normally the result of the

vaporization of fuel and expansion of air in the carburetor

fuel/air ratio is the ratio between the

weight of fuel and weight of air entering the cylinder

when operating an aircraft with a constant-speed propeller, which procedure places the least stress on cylinder components?

when power settings are being decreased, reduce manifold press before rpm

leaving the carb heat on during takeoff

will increase the ground roll