Ch:4

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Eukaryotic cells are much more complex than prokaryotic cells. What is the main reason for that? -Because metabolic processes in eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized. -Because eukaryotic cells have proteins that interact with DNA. -Because eukaryotic cells have larger ribosomes.

Because metabolic processes in eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized

The flattened stacks of membrane typical of the Golgi apparatus are called which of the following? -Cisternae -Vacuoles -Vesicles -Lamins

Cisternae

______________are the instruments used to magnify and visualize cells and cellular components.

Microscopes

Which of the following cytoskeletal elements are made up of α-and β-tubulin subunits? -Actin filaments -Microtubules -Intermediate filaments

Microtubules

____________ are the largest cytoskeletal elements are responsible for moving materials within a cell.

Microtubules

Identify the fibers which are used in the cell division of animal cells. -Microtubules -Myosin -Dynein/Dynactin complexes -Actin

Microtubules Actin

Digestion of substances taken into the cell, break down of macromolecules in the cell, and autophagy are all performed by organelles called________________.

lysosomes

Cyanobacteria have folds in their___________ _____________ which contain the necessary pigments for photosynthesis.

plasma membrane

Each granum of a chloroplast contains a few to several dozen -cristae. -matrices. -thylakoids. -mitochondria.

thylakoids

The__________ are disk-shaped structures in plants that form grana.

thylakoids

Specialized compartments that can function in water balance and storage of useful molecules and waste products are called -lysosomes. -mitochondria. -nuclei. -vacuoles.

vacuoles

Small sacs that store and transport a variety of materials are called .

vesicles

As a cell's size increases,its________increases much more rapidly than its surface area.

volume

List the variables that affect the rate of diffusion through the plasma membrane. -Concentration gradient of substance -Surface area -Distance of diffusion -Temperature -The amount of ATP in the cell

-Concentration gradient of substance -Surface area -Distance of diffusion -Temperature

What are the functions of the central vacuole in plants? -Storage of pigments -Synthesis of proteins -Waste storage -Synthesis of lipids

-Storage of pigments -Waste storage

Which of the following describes the structure of DNA inside of the cell's nucleus? -Tightly wound around proteins and packaged into compact units called chromosomes -Loosely wound around proteins and packaged into compact units called centromeres -Loosely wound around proteins and packaged into compact units called chromosomes

-Tightly wound around proteins and packaged into compact units called chromosomes

Click and drag on elements in order Arrange the steps of protein transport through the endomembrane system into the correct order (start at the top). 1.transport vesicles 2.proteins are modified 3.proteins are packaged 4. proteins are released

1.transport vesicles 2.proteins are modified 3.proteins are packaged 4. proteins are released

Due to the limited resolution of the human eye, microscopes are needed to visualize points as two separate objects if they are closer than which of the following? -100um -10000um -1000um

100um

If the radius of the cell increases by 10 times,then surface area will increase by____________ times and the volume will increase by_________times.

100x,1000x

The digestive enzymes in the lysosomes are optimally active at which of the following pH ranges? -Neutral -Either acidic or basic -Basic -Acidic

Acidic

During the contraction of muscle cells, which fiber is used? -Microtubules -Actin -Intermediate filaments

Actin

Which of the following are responsible for cellular movements such as contraction and crawling? -Actin filaments -Microtubules -Intermediate filaments

Actin filaments

Which of the following are responsible for cellular movements such as contraction and crawling? -Intermediate filaments -Microtubules -Actin filaments

Actin filaments

Select the organisms that contain chloroplasts. -Animals -Bacteria -Algae -Archaea -Plants

Algae Plants

Which of these statements is not a part of the cell theory? -Cells are the smaller units of life. -All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. -All cells are replaced. -New cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.

All cells are replaced

Which of the following bacterial structures is rigid and found outside the plasma membrane? -Cell wall -Nucleoid -Capsule -Ribosome

Cell wall

Which of the following are the main points of the cell theory? -Cells are the smallest living things. -All living organisms are composed of at least 2 cells. -Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell. -All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Cells are the smallest living things,Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell,All the living organisma are composed of one or more cells

Which structure is involved in eukaryotic cell division?

Centrosome

Select all that apply Indicate the functions of the Golgi apparatus. -Breaking down proteins and old organelles -Synthesizing proteins on ribosomes -Collecting molecules to be transported through the cell -Packaging molecules into transport vesicles -Modifying and packaging proteins

Collecting molecules to be transported through the cell Packaging molecules into transport vesicles Modifying and packaging proteins

These membrane-bound structures prevent excess water buildup in some protists by expanding as water enters the cell, contracting, and expelling their contents to the exterior of the cell. Glyoxysomes Contractile vacuole Lysosomes Peroxisomes Food vacuole

Contractile vacuole

Which of the following is the the most important factor that limits the size of cells? -Amount of mitochondria needed to satisfy the cell's energy needs -Amount of DNA to code for all the cell's proteins -Diffusion of substances in and out of the cell -Rate of protein synthesis in the cell

Diffusion of substances in and out of the cell

During cell division, cell-wall deposition is influenced by ______. -FtsZ proteins -MreB proteins

FtsZ proteins

Large vacuoles are characteristic of which two types of cells? -Plant cells -Animal cells -Bacterial cells -Fungal cells

Fungal cells

Which is found in all cells? -Genetic material -Cytoplasm -Plasma membrane -Mitochondria -Ribosomes

Genetic material Cytoplasm Plasma membrane Ribosomes

During photosynthesis, chloroplasts capture light energy and synthesize which of the following organic molecules? -Nucleic acids -Glucose -Fatty acids -Amino acids

Glucose

Noncellulose polysaccharides that form part of the cell wall of plants are synthesized in the__________ ________________.

Golgi apparatus

This organelle consists of a stack of flattened membranes, each enclosing a single compartment. -Golgi apparatus -Smooth endoplasmic reticulum -Rough endoplasmic reticulum -Lysosome

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following organelles are part of the endomembrane system? -Golgi apparatus -Chloroplasts -Endoplasmic reticulum -Nucleus

Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic reticulum

Select problems faced by larger cells compared to smaller cells. -Slower synthesis of macromolecules -Greater production of wastes -Higher energy requirments -The need to produce more macromolecules -Slower generation of energy

Greater production of wastes Higher energy requirments The need to produce more macromolecules

The space between the two membranes of a mitochondrion is known as the ____________space.

Intermembrane or inter membrane

The repository of the genetic information that enables the synthesis of nearly all proteins in a living eukaryotic cell is which of the following structures? -Nucleus -Endoplasmic reticulum -Mitochondrion -Ribosome

Nucleus

Which of the following is the main function of the mitochondria? -Shipping and packaging of proteins -Oxidative metabolism -Synthesis of plasma membrane lipids -Synthesis of microtubules

Oxidative metabolism

Of the following choices, the presence of which would definitively identify a cell as prokaryotic? -Nucleus -Pili -Ribosomes -Cell Wall -Flagella

Pili

Which of the following structures are only found in prokaryotic cells (choose all that apply)? -Cell wall -Plasma membrane -Ribosomes -Pili -Nucleoid

Pili Nucleoid

In the cyanobacterium, Prochloron, the bacterial pigments associated with photosynthesis are located in which of the following structures? -Chloroplast -Nuclear membrane -Cytoplasm -Plasma membrane

Plama membrane

Vesicles are found in which of the following types of cells? -Bacteria -Plant -Animal -Prokaryotes

Plant Animal

The rough endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in sorting proteins that are destined for which of the following locations? -Plasma membrane -Mitochondria -Lysosomes -Nucleus -Vacuoles

Plasma membrane Lysosomes Vacuoles

Which of the following are similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts (choose all that apply)? -Presence of DNA -Presence of protein synthesizing ribosomes -Lack of ribosomes -Surrounded by a single membrane

Presence of DNA Presence of protein synthesizing ribosomes

DNA is the molecule that stores genetic information in which of the following? -Eukaryotes only -Multicellular organisms only -Prokaryotes only -Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Ribosomes are necessary to manufacture which of the following molecules? -Cholesterol -Proteins -Lipids -DNA -Carbohydrates

Proteins

The cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells is composed of which component? -Nucleic acids -Carbohydrates -Proteins -Lipids

Proteins

(use the 3 initials) is the nucleic acid manufactured in the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm via the nuclear pores.

RNA

Which of the following molecules are manufactured in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and enter the cytoplasm by way of the nuclear pores? -RNA and DNA -DNA -RNA -RNA-protein complexes

RNA RNA-protein complexes

_______________is the minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate points.

Resolution

The production of proteins is achieved by which of the following structures? -Nucleus -Plasma membrane -Nucleolus -Ribosomes

Ribosomes

Which of the following is found in all cells? -Golgi apparatus -Mitochondria -Ribosomes -Nucleus

Ribosomes

Which of the following structures of the endomembrane system is not matched properly? -Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Ca2+ storage -Golgi apparatus: protein secretion and sorting -Nuclear envelope: allows access to and from the nucleus -Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: lipid synthesis -lysosomes: degradation of organic molecules

Rough endoplasmic reticulum:Ca+2 storage

What organelle in liver cells produces enzymes that detoxify harmful organic molecules? -Mitochondria -Rough ER -Vacuoles -Smooth ER

Smooth ER

Identify the functions of cell vacuoles. -Storage -Synthesis -Water balance -Segregation of waste

Storage Water balance Segregation of waste

The central vacuole in plants is primarily involved in which of the following processes? -Storage of water, ions, and pigments -Synthesis of lipids -Degradation of macromolecules -Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

Storage of water,ions,and pigments

What does the mitochondrial matrix refer to? -The numerous contiguous layers of the inner membrane -The space between the inner and outer membranes -The compartment inside of the inner membrane

The compartment inside of the inner membrane

An organism made up of relatively small cells has an advantage over an organism composed of fewer, larger cells because the rate at which transport of molecules occurs depends on which of the following? -Only the distance to the membrane -The distance to the membrane and the area of membrane -Only the area of membrane

The distance to the membrane and the area of membrane

An organism made up of relatively small cells has an advantage over an organism composed of fewer, larger cells because the rate at which transport of molecules occurs depends on which of the following? -The distance to the membrane and the area of membrane -Only the area of membrane -Only the distance to the membrane

The distance to the membrane and the area of membrane

Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between a cell's surface area and its volume? -The smaller the cell,the larger its surface area-to-volume ratio is -Regardless of their size,all cells have roughly the same surface area-to-volume ratio -The smaller the cell,the smaller its surface area-to-volume is

The smaller the cell,the larger its surface area-to-volume ratio is

Which of these is not a variable that affects the rate of diffusion through a cell's plasma membrane? -Surface area -Concentration gradient of substance -Distance of diffusion -Temperature -The volume of the cell

The volume of the cell

The purpose of a compound light microscope can best be described as which of the following? -To allow the visualization of cells and cellular components -To allow the visualization of atoms and molecules -To allow the visualization of enzymes during biochemical processes

To allow the visualization of cells and cellular components

True or false: Chloroplasts are the organelles that contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis.

True

The nuclear envelope is composed of which of the following? -A bilayer of phospholipids -A single layer of phospholipids -Two bilayers of phospholipids

Two bilayers of phospholipids

Which of the following cells are macroscopic? -Viruses -Prokaryotes -Vertebrate eggs

Vertebrate eggs

Which of the following is a cell type that can be seen without the aid of a microscope? -Animal cells -Prokaryote -Plant cells -Vertebrate eggs

Vertebrate eggs

In plants, photosynthesis occurs in semiautonomous organelles called_____________.

chloroplasts

Plants and algae contain organelles called__________.Pigments in those organelles allow these organisms to perform photosynthesis.

chloroplasts

The inner folded membrane of the mitochondria has numerous contiguous layers called_______________.

cristae

The inner folded membrane of the mitochondria has numerous contiguous layers called_________________.

cristae

The internal scaffolding of eukaryotic cells is termed the

cytoskeleton

Most cells are relatively small for reasons related to the____________of substances into and out of the cell.

diffusion

Scientists have proposed that chloroplasts and mitochondria arose by a process called________________,in which a smaller cell comes to live inside a larger cell.

endosymbiotic

True or false:Prokaryotes lack cytoskeletal elements.

false

Another term for actin filament is_________________.

microfilament

Another term for actin filaments is____________

microfillaments or microfilament

Centrosomes, also called_______________ -organizing centers, are important for cell division in animals.

microtubule

The organelles that are both surrounded by a double membrane, have their own DNA, are involved in energy metabolism, and have their own protein synthesis machinery are the _______________ and _______________.

mitochondria chloroplasts

The surface of the nucleus is bounded by two phospholipid bilayer membranes, collectively called the_________________ _____________________.

nuclear envelope

Most of the DNA in prokaryotes is located in the_________ region.

nucleoid

Ribosomal assembly areas in the nucleus are the _____________.

nucleoli

Prokaryotes lack a__________,which houses the DNA in eukaryotes.

nucleous

Most on the DNA in a eukaryote cell is found in a structure called the______________.

nucleus

Ribosomes are responsible for_____________synthesis in the cell.

protein or polypeptide

Structure called_____________are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and are the sites of polypeptide synthesis.

ribosomes

Functions that include glycoprotein production and protein sorting are characteristic of the_________________ endoplasmic reticulum.

rough

Functions that include steroid synthesis and assembly of membrane lipids are characteristic of the_____________ endoplasmic reticulum.

smooth

In liver cells, enzymes located in the_________ endoplasmic reticulum (ER) detoxify harmful organic molecules.

smooth

The most common alteration made in the Golgi body is addition or modification of short ______ chains. -protein -lipid -DNA -sugar

sugar


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