Ch4
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome
Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell?
molecules moving freely past one another
The fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is characterized by __________.
convert light energy to chemical energy
The function of the chloroplast is to __________.
ribosomes
What is the primary site of protein production in a eukaryotic cell?
a cell
What is the smallest entity that exhibits all the characteristics of life?
transcription
What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?
RNA processing
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
translation
What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?
cell wall
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
presence of a cell wall
Which of these distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?
mitochondrion
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?
peroxisome
Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?
D
Which of these provides the cell with structural support?
A
Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?
D C
The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____. The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
proteins
The Golgi apparatus mainly functions to modify ____
plasma membrane
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.
chromatin
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.
plasma membrane
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome
The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down.
microtubules
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.
eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not
A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that __________.
C
Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA
messenger RNA
Coded genetic information is produced in the nucleus and transferred to the cytoplasm in a molecule called _____.
ribosomes
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
mitochondria and chloroplasts
In addition to the nucleus, which of the following are organelles that contain their own DNA and ribosomes?
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____.
movement
In some eukaryotic cells, cilia and flagella are motile, cellular appendages that aid the cell in __________.
plant cells and animal cells
Mitochondria, the sites of cellular respiration, are found in _________
many ribosomes stud the outside of the ER membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum appears "rough" because _________
chloroplasts; mitochondria
Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP.
amino acids
Polypeptides are assembled from _____.
mRNA
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.
nucleolus
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the
endomembrane system
The nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles make up the __________
cytoplasm
The term used to indicate the part of a eukaryotic cell where organelles are suspended in fluid is _____
chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall
What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not?
Fimbriae
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
Ribosomes
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.
Basal bodies
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.
central vacuole
A plant cell has a versatile compartment that stores organic nutrients, absorbs water, and contains poisons that protect against plant-eating animals. This compartment is the _____.
lasma membrane; cell wall
Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ .
protection
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
the nucleus
What is the genetic center of the eukaryotic cell?
nucleoid region
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
mooth endoplasmic reticulum
Where is calcium stored?
microtubules
Which of the following are the components of the cytoskeleton that help move chromosomes when cells divide?
proteins and phospholipids
Which of the following are the two main components of cellular membranes?
vacuole ... storage
Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?
digestive enzymes
Which of the following is stored in the lysosomes of the cell?
microtubules
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?
bacteria
Which one of the following groups is composed of prokaryotic cells?
lysosome
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
chromatin
Within the nucleus of a cell, long DNA molecules and associated proteins form fibers called ____
