Ch4

endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome

Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell?

molecules moving freely past one another

The fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is characterized by __________.

convert light energy to chemical energy

The function of the chloroplast is to __________.

ribosomes

What is the primary site of protein production in a eukaryotic cell?

a cell

What is the smallest entity that exhibits all the characteristics of life?

transcription

What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?

RNA processing

What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?

translation

What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?

cell wall

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

presence of a cell wall

Which of these distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?

mitochondrion

Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?

peroxisome

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?

D

Which of these provides the cell with structural support?

A

Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?

D C

The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____. The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.

proteins

The Golgi apparatus mainly functions to modify ____

plasma membrane

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

chromatin

The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.

plasma membrane

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome

The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down.

microtubules

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.

eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not

A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that __________.

C

Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA

messenger RNA

Coded genetic information is produced in the nucleus and transferred to the cytoplasm in a molecule called _____.

ribosomes

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

mitochondria and chloroplasts

In addition to the nucleus, which of the following are organelles that contain their own DNA and ribosomes?

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA

In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____.

movement

In some eukaryotic cells, cilia and flagella are motile, cellular appendages that aid the cell in __________.

plant cells and animal cells

Mitochondria, the sites of cellular respiration, are found in _________

many ribosomes stud the outside of the ER membrane

Rough endoplasmic reticulum appears "rough" because _________

chloroplasts; mitochondria

Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP.

amino acids

Polypeptides are assembled from _____.

mRNA

RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.

nucleolus

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the

endomembrane system

The nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles make up the __________

cytoplasm

The term used to indicate the part of a eukaryotic cell where organelles are suspended in fluid is _____

chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall

What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not?

Fimbriae

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Ribosomes

_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.

Basal bodies

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.

central vacuole

A plant cell has a versatile compartment that stores organic nutrients, absorbs water, and contains poisons that protect against plant-eating animals. This compartment is the _____.

lasma membrane; cell wall

Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ .

protection

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

the nucleus

What is the genetic center of the eukaryotic cell?

nucleoid region

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

mooth endoplasmic reticulum

Where is calcium stored?

microtubules

Which of the following are the components of the cytoskeleton that help move chromosomes when cells divide?

proteins and phospholipids

Which of the following are the two main components of cellular membranes?

vacuole ... storage

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

digestive enzymes

Which of the following is stored in the lysosomes of the cell?

microtubules

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?

bacteria

Which one of the following groups is composed of prokaryotic cells?

lysosome

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

chromatin

Within the nucleus of a cell, long DNA molecules and associated proteins form fibers called ____