CHAD 30
]According to research, some couples experienced which of the positive results in the transition to parenting?
Couples reported have a more stable couple identity. Women more closely attended to their own personal growth. Women improved family task management. Men became more concerned with intimacy.
Which of the following temperament classifications apply to Rothbart and Bates' model?
Effortful control
According to Erikson, shame and doubt arise when
caregivers are impatient and do for toddlers what they are capable of doing themselves.
Children who can distract themselves from a stressful encounter show a lower level of negative affect in the context and less anxiety over time. This an example of the influence of which of the following on emotion?
cognitive processes
Infants are often affected by fatigue, hunger, time of day, which people are around them, and where they are. This demonstrates the influence of ______ on emotion regulation.
context
Parents in East Asia encouraging the demonstration of emotional reserve illustrates the influence of which of the following on emotional development?
culture
Which of the following are biological influences relating to emotion?
development of the brain stem development of the hippocampus maturation of the cerebral cortex
Chess and Thomas' classification system placed children into which categories of temperament?
difficult easy slow-to-warm-up
Which of the following are cognitive strategies that children might use to control their emotions?
disengagement suppression
Which two of the following has developmental social neuroscience linked to mother-infant attachment?
dopamine oxytocin
A feeling or affect that occurs when people are in a state or an interaction that is important to them, especially to their well-being is known as a/an
emotion
Another way to describe temperament is in terms of predisposition toward which of the following?
emotional reactivity
Infants communicate important aspects of their lives such as joy, sadness, interest, and fear through
emotions
Which of the following are self-conscious emotions?
empathy pride
Insecure avoidant babies
engage in little interaction with the caregiver.
Which of the following is LEAST likely to influence an individual's emotions?
environmental quality
ch 6. According to the ______, development reflects an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between genes and the environment.
epigenetic view
The match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope is known by the term
goodness of fit.
Research has found that decreases in infants' negative emotionality are linked to which of the following?
higher levels of parental sensitivity higher levels of parental responsiveness higher parental involvement
Scientists in the field of social neuroscience are MOST LIKELY to study which of the following factors?
hormones the brain mother-infant attachment
Kagan is responsible for a broad temperament category referred to as ______ the unfamiliar.
inhibition to
Young Marco is almost two years old. Whenever his mother goes away, he says to his babysitter, "Mommy gone, Mommy gone." This is an example of how toddlers can use words, to define their feelings and what is upsetting them.
language
Which of the following has been linked to adaptive emotion regulation in children?
maternal sensitivity
The development of locomotor skills is the result of which of the following?
nervous system development infant motivation to reach a goal environmental support for the skill
Variations in the speed and intensity with which an individual responds to situations with positive or negative emotions is referred to as
reactivity
en-month-old Alyssa smiles at her mother and throws a sponge ball toward her. Alyssa's mother tries to catch it and smiles and laughs. Alyssa crawls closer and tries to take the ball, while giggling. This is an example of attachedBlank 1Blank 1 attached , Incorrect Unavailable socialization.
recip
Melissa is a 9-month-old child who loves playing pat-a-cake with her mother. This type of play is an example of
reciprocal socialization.
A (reflexive/social) smile in an infant does not occur in response to external stimuli, but a (reflexive/social) smile does.
reflexive, social
The family system includes the subsystems of generation, gender, and
role.
What term describes an infant who sees the caregiver as a base from which to explore the environment?
securely attached
Which type of emotion requires self-awareness and a sense of "me"?
self-conscious
The term protest is used to describe the behavior of infants who cry when their caregiver leaves them.
separation
An infant's fear of a caregiver leaving, which results in crying when the caregiver leaves, is called
separation protest.
Behavioral inhibition is characterized by
shyness with strangers.
Which of the following is Chess and Thomas' classification of a child who has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood?
slow-to-warm-up
Chess and Thomas' classification system placed children into which categories of temperament?
slow-to-warm-up easy difficult
Which of the following is essential for the development of a variety of emotions and emotional experiences?
social relationships
The family can be thought of as a constellation of ______ defined in terms of generation, gender, and role.
subsystems
In one research study, it was found that mothers of infants respond differently to the crying of irritable girls than the crying of irritable boys. This is an example of how gender affects reaction to
temperament
Stranger anxiety in infants tends to be influenced by which of the following?
the characteristic of the stranger the social context
According to the epigenetic view, development is influenced by
the interchange between genes and the environment.
A securely attached baby
uses the caregiver as a base from which to explore.
Which of the following statements are true in regard to Harlow's conclusions based on the study of infant monkeys?
Feeding is not the crucial element in the attachment process. Contact comfort is crucial in the attachment process.
Which of the following are characteristic of an infant's pain cry?
breath holding lack of preliminary moaning
According to Erikson, the developmental stage of trust versus mistrust occurs in the first ______ of life.
year
The maturation of the frontal regions of the cerebral cortex allows infants to
begin to regulate their emotions.
In 1992, the European Union mandated a
14-week unpaid maternity leave.
In the United States, separation protest typically peaks at about the age of ______ months.
15
Which of the following ideas are stressed by John Bowlby in his concept of attachment?
Caregiver responsiveness is involved. Attachment is crucial in the first year.
Which theorists developed a temperament classification system in which most children are considered to be easy, difficult, or slow-to-warm-up?
Chess and Thomas
are influenced by both biological foundations and by an individual's experiences.
Emotions
Infants communicate via emotion even before they understand language and their emotions are critical to their survival. What does this exemplify?
Emotions are adaptive.
Which of the following statements best describes the influence of biology and environment on emotional development?
Emotions are influenced by both nature and nurture.
Baby Jordan engages in little interaction with his mother and isn't distressed when she leaves the room. When she returns, Jordan does not reestablish contact with her and even turns his back on her. Which of Ainsworth's categories best describes Jordan? Multiple choice question.
He is an insecure avoidant baby.
Baby Mathias cries loudly when his mother leaves the room and then fights against her when she tries to comfort him on her return. Which of the following statements is true?
He is an insecure resistant baby.
Which of the following statements apply to Bowlby's concept of attachment?
Infants and caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments. Attachment is important for survival.
Which of the following best exemplifies that infant emotions are adaptive?
Infants cry when they are hungry.
Which of the following statements are true of stranger anxiety?
It appears at about 6 months of age.
Which statements are true regarding face-to-face play? (Choose every correct answer.)
It begins when the infant is about 2 to 3 months of age. It includes vocalization, touch, and gestures.
Which of the following statements are true regarding cultural influences on emotional development?
Japanese parents try to prevent their children from experiencing negative emotions. Non-Latino White mothers are more likely than Japanese parents to respond after their children become distressed. East Asian infants display less frequent and less intense positive and negative emotions than non-Latino White infants.
Which theorist(s) developed a temperament classification system based on inhibition and lack of inhibition?
Kagan
______ skills refer to crawling, walking, and running; once infants and toddlers are able to do this, they expand their exploration considerably.
Locomotion
In infancy, emotions play important roles in which of the following?
behavioral organization communication with others
Which of the following theorists developed a temperament classification involving extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control?
Rothbart and Bates
______ involves parents who take the time to interact with a child in such a way that the child experiences turn-taking and the parents support the child's efforts at any age.
Scaffolding
______ refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding.
Temperament
True or false: A quality child care environment should provide a low caregiver-to-child ratio.
True
According to Erikson, the issue of trust versus mistrust
arises in each successive stage of development.
Developmental social neuroscience involves the brain regions, hormones, and neurotransmitters that are important in motivating mother-infant
attachment
Erik Erikson's second stage of development, occurring during the second year of life, is called
autonomy versus shame and doubt.
A(n) ______ cry is a rhythmic pattern that usually consists of a cry, followed by a briefer silence, then a shorter whistle that is higher pitched than the main cry, and then a brief rest before the next cry.
basic
