Chain of Infection

INFECTIONS -- Virus

smalled pathogens are intracellular parasites that take over the DNA or RNA of the invaded cell and are cannot be cured with antibiotics only palliative treatment -- treat symptoms

TYPES OF INFECTIONS -- LATENT INFECTIONS

Latent Infections is a persistent infection in which the symptoms cycle through periods of relapse and remission

INFECTIONS -- Rickettsia

Microorganisms that have characteristics of both bacteria and viruses but are larger than viruses so they can be viewed with a regular microscope. Transmitted by vectors

INFECTIONS -- INFLAMATORY RESPONSE

When trauma occurs to the body, it alerts protective mechanisms and the body responds in a predictable manner

INFECTIONS -- Bacteria

tiny, simple cells that produce diseases and can produce spores

INFECTIONS -- Protozoa

unicellular parasites transmitted by vectors bugs / animals

INFECTIONS -- IMMUNITIES

Humoral Immunity -- Produces Antibotics specific to antigen exposures

INFECTIONS -- INFLAMATION Signs and Symptoms

Inflamation Mediators (there are 3) 1. Histamine 2. Protaglandins 3. Kinins all three increase the WBCs at the site of injury

INFECTIONS -- INFLAMATION Signs and Symptoms

Inflamatory Responses: 1. Redness (erythema) 2. Edema (swelling) 3. Pain 4. Heat

CHAIN OF INFECTION (Transfer of Infection) (6 Steps)

1. Infectious Agent 2. Reservoir Host 3. Portal of Exit 4. Mode of Transmission 5. Port of Entry 6. Susceptible Host

CHAIN OF INFECTION (Pathogenic Agents or Microorganisms -- Infectious Agent) (5 Types)

1. Viruses 2. Bacteria 3. Protozoa 4. Fungi 5. Rickettsia

TYPES OF INFECTIONS -- ACUTE INFECTIONS

Acute Infections have a rapid onset of symptoms but last a relatively short time. The prodromal period is that time when the patient first exhibits vague, nonspecific symptoms of the disease

INFECTIONS -- IMMUNITIES

Cell Mediated Immunity -- Destroys Pathogens at the Site of phagocytosis -- site of entry

TYPES OF INFECTIONS -- CHRONIC INFECTIONS

Chronic Infections persist for a long period of time, sometimes for life and can be asymptomatic or without symptoms but the virus is dedtectible wwith blood tests

CHAIN OF INFECTIONS -- CONTACT

DIRECT CONTACT -- contact from an infected person or with discharges from an infected person such as feces or urine INDIRECT CONTACT -- transmission from droplets in the air expelled by coughing, speaking, sneezing, vectors, contaminated food or drink and contaminated objects (fomites)

INFECTIONS -- ABBREVIATIONS

OSHA -- Occupational Safety and Health Administration PPEs -- Personal Protective Equipment WBC -- White Blood Cells SHARPS -- needles and other sharp instruments CSF -- Cerebraospinal Fluid HSV -- Herpes Simplex Virus Types I and II HBV -- Hepatitis B Virus HCV -- Hepatitis C Virus ECP Exposure Control Plan MSDS -- Material Safety Data Sheet

TYPE OF INFECTIONS -- SLOW INFECTIONS

Slow Infections progress over very long periods and typically refer to viral infections of the brain

INFECTIONS -- CLEANING SOLUTIONS

The cheapest and most reliable solution for disinfection is the use of a 1:10 bleach solution.

INFECTIONS -- UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

Treat all patients like they have an infectious disorder -- includes blood and all fluids -- protects both patients and health care workers prudent to do always

INFECTIONS -- Fungi

Unicellular or multicellular and include such organisms as mushrooms, molds and yeasts. Grow best in warm, moist environments