Chap 12 study
Carl Rogers would have suggested that many of the defense mechanisms described by Freud are used to minimize the perceived discrepancy between... - latent content and manifest content - self-transcendence and self actualization - the actual self and ideal self - self esteem and self-actualization
the actual self and ideal self
chameleon
Julius begins to yawn while he and his girlfriend are studying together. Soon his girlfriend begins to yawn. This best illustrates the ... effect.
normative
Kentaro hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Kentaro's behavior exemplifies the importance of ... social influence.
bystander
Social psychologists have observed people's willingness to pick up dropped coins or pencils in elevators in order to study the ... effect.
bystander effect
Social psychologists have observed people's willingness to pick up dropped coins or pencils in elevators in order to study the... - self-fulfilling prophecy - mere exposure effect - reciprocity norm - bystander effect
foot-in-the-door
The ... phenomenon refers to the tendency to comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request.
social
The ... psychology branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.
scapegoat
The ... theory most clearly suggests that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame when things go wrong.
cognitive dissonance
The discomfort we feel our thoughts and behaviors are inconsistent is called...: - cognitive dissonance - an attribution - role playing - an attitude
cognitive dissonance
The discomfort we feel when our thoughts and behaviors are inconsistent is called ...
polarization
The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called group ...
group polarization
The enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called: - group polarization - social facilitation - mood linkage - the chameleon effect
comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request
The foot-in-the-door phenomenon refers to the tendency to...: - behave according to our feelings rather than our beliefs - change our attitude because it differs from our behavior - comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request - attribute strangers' behavior to their personal dispositions.
situational influences; personal dispositions
The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of SITUATIONAL INFLUENCES and to overestimate the impact of PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS in explaining the behavior of others.
Solomon Asch
The social psychologist who is best known for his pioneering studies of conformity is ...
Solomon Asch
The social psychologist who is best known for his pioneering studies of conformity is: - Solomon Asch - Stanley Milgram - Leon Festinger - Philip Zimbardo
fundamental attribution
The tendency in individualistic cultures to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external, situational factors is called the ... error.
other
The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races is called the ...-race effect.
the other-race effect
The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races is called: - ingroup bias - the other-race effect - outgroup homogeneity - scapegoating
bystander
When 68-year-old Mrs. Blake had a flat tire on a fairly isolated highway, she received help from a passerby in less than 10 minutes. One year later, when she had a flat tire on a busy freeway, an hour elapsed before someone finally stopped to offer assistance. Mrs. Blake's experience best illustrates the ... effect.
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire? - emotional stability - self-efficiency - openness - self-esteem
emotional stability
The person-situation controversy involves a debate regarding the influence of ... and ... on behavior: - self-concept; self-esteem - factor analysis; emotions - environments; traits - extraversion; introversion
environments; traits
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her... - self-esteem - personality - reality principle - defense mechanism
personality
discrimination
... is best defined as an unjustifiable, usually negative, attitude toward a group and its members.
role playing
After she was promoted to a high-level executive position in the large company for which she worked, Jorana developed more pro-business political attitudes. This best illustrates the impact of ... ... on attitudes.
role playing
After she was promoted to a high-level executive position in the large company for which she worked, Jorana developed more pro-business political attitudes. This best illustrates the impact of ... on attitudes. - cognitive dissonance - peripheral route persuasion - role-playing - Dispositional attributes
social
At her health club, Bonnie, who is a skilled runner, runs much faster on the treadmill when other patrons are using nearby equipment. This best illustrates ... facilitation.
bias
Creating groups based on the outcome of a coin toss leads people to favor their own new group when dividing any rewards. This best illustrates ingroup ...
the just-world phenomenon
During deliberations on a rape case, some of the jurors commented that the victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. Looking like that they believed, she asked to be assaulted. The jurors' comments are best explained in terms of...: - the just-world phenomenon - implicit prejudice - the scapegoat theory - unconscious patronization
just-world
During deliberations on a rape case, some of the jurors commented that the victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. Looking like that, they believed, she asked to be assaulted. The jurors' comments are best explained in terms of the ... phenomenon.
similar
Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which individuals share a ... opinion.
individuals share a similar opinion
Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which: - little communication is possible - individuals share a similar opinion - each individual has a unique perspective - individuals have not formed any opinion
normative social influence
Kentaro hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Kentaro's behavior exemplifies the importance of.... - deindividuation - informal social influence - normative social influence - social facilitation
teachers
Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because the "..." were more obedient than most people would have predicted.
the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted
Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because: - the "learners" made so few learning errors under stressful circumstances - the "teachers" actually enjoyed shocking another person - the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted - the "learners" obediently accepted painful shocks without protest
obediance
Participants in the Milgram ... studies were ordered to deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers.
frustration
Shortly after learning that he did not make it onto his high school football team, Alex vandalized the team's locker room and broke several of the school's windows. His behavior is best explained in terms of the ...-aggression principle.
the bystander effect
When 68-year-old Mrs. Blake had a flat tire on fairly isolated highway, she received help from a passerby in less than 10 minutes. One year later, when she had a flat tire on a busy freeway, an hour elapsed before someone finally stopped to offer assistance. Mrs. Blake's experience best illustrates... - the fundamental attribution error - the mere exposure effect - group polarization - the bystander effect
best; mere
When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference ... illustrates the importance of the ... exposure effect.
the mere exposure effect
When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference best illustrates the importance of: - self-fulfilling prophecy - the mere exposure effect - mirror-image perceptions - a social trap
social psychology
Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another? - developmental psychology - social psychology - personality psychology - clinical psychology
scapegoat theory
Which theory most clearly suggests that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame when things go wrong? - discrimination - the just-world phenomenon - unconscious patronization - scapegoat theory
The Big Five traits show their greatest stability during... - early childhood - late childhood - adolescence - adulthood
adulthood
Repression refers to the defense mechanism by which people... - Offer self-justifying explanations in place of the real but threatening unconscious reasons for action. - retreat to behavior patterns characteristic of a more infantile stage of development - disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others - banish anxiety-arousing thoughts from consciousness
banish anxiety-arousing thoughts from consciousness
According to Bamdura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among: - thoughts, emotions, and actions - behaviors, internal personal factors, and environmental events. - id, ego, and superego - self-concept, self-esteem, and self-image
behaviors, internal personal factors, and environmental events.
ingroup bias
creating groups based on the outcome of a coin toss leads people to favor their own new group when dividing any rewards. - outgroup homogeneity - implicit prejudice - the just-world phenomenon - ingroup bias
According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the... - id - ego - superego - erogenous zones
id
Psychologist Jean Twenge refers to those born in the 1980s and 1990s as Generation Me because they express high level... - reciprocal determination - narcissism - secure self-esteem - maturity principle
narcissism
deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers.
participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to...
an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members
prejudice is best defined as... - the tendency to favor members of one's own group - an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members - a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals - the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate
Abraham Maslow suggested that those who fulfill their potential have satisfied the need for... - implicit memories - an ideal self - self-actualization - unconditional positive regard
self-actualization
situational influences; personal dispositions
the fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ... and to overestimate the impact of ... in explaining the behavior of others. - attitudes; cognitive dissonance - cognitive dissonance; attitudes - personal situations; situational influences - situational influences; personal dispositions
Contemporary psychologists are most likely to consider ... to be of pivotal importance to personality. - narcissism - conditioning - the sense of self - the maturity principle
the sense of self
Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called... - reciprocal determination - self-serving bias - the spotlight effect - defensive self-esteem
the spotlight effect
the fundamental attribution error
the tendency in individual cultures to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external, situational factors is called... - cognitive dissonance - an attitude - foot-in-the-door phenomenon - the fundamental attribution error
According to Freud, the unconscious is... - the part of personality that cannot process information - the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are largely unaware - a set of universal concepts acquired by all humans from our common past - a reservoir of deeply repressed memories that do not affect behavior
the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are largely unaware
Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as... - genuineness - unconditional positive regard - self-actualization - the ideal self
unconditional positive regard
Rorschach inkblot test results diagnose many normal adults as disordered. This indicates that the test has little... - consensus - interpretive value - genuineness - validity
validity