Chap 4

Chloroplasts are found in __________.

plant cells and some protists

One centimeter = ________ millimeters.

10

The diameter of most animal and plant cells ranges from

10 to 100 micrometers.

A child dies following a series of chronic bacterial infections. At the autopsy, the physicians are startled to see that the child's white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles containing intact bacteria. Which explanation could account for this finding?

A child dies following a series of chronic bacterial infections. At the autopsy, the physicians are startled to see that the child's white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles containing intact bacteria. Which explanation could account for this finding?

What microscopes would you use to determine the size of a typical animal cell and compare it to the size of a virus?

A light microscope and an electron microscope can be used to study a typical animal cell, but only an electron microscope would be used for viruses.

The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of __________.

ATP

Why do both mitochondria and chloroplasts possess circular chromosomes?

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts descended from free-living prokaryotes engulfed and maintained by early eukaryotic cells.

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum that was eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane: the protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________.

Golgi apparatus

How are proteins with functions outside the cell exported?

The protein is packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus for processing, after which it is sent to the cell membrane for export.

Resolution is the

ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.

Cell theory states that

all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells.

The membranous compartmentalization of a cell

allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell.

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

Mitochondria are found in _____.

both plant cells and animal cells

A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study ________.

cell surfaces; internal cell structures

What type of microscopy allowed scientists to visualize the cytoskeleton in living cells?

fluorescence microscopy

A manufacturing company dumps its wastes into a nearby pond. One of the wastes is found to paralyze the contractile vacuoles of certain protists. A biologist looking at individual samples of these organisms taken from the pond would find that they

have gained water and burst.

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?

lysosome

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? The __________ functions in __________.

lysosome ... recycling of damaged organelles

The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________.

on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle is involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol?

peroxisome

The function of chloroplasts is

photosynthesis.

To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____.

the plasma membrane

An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies (a type of protein) per second for release into the body. What type of intracellular structure would you expect to be very prominent within the cell?

the rough endoplasmic reticulum

In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____.

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA

A pathologist who wants to examine a patient's liver cells to determine if the mitochondria have an internal structural defect will likely need to use a

transmission electron microscope.

Which of the following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system?

transport vesicles