Chapter 1, 2, 3 - Exam 1 Review

The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has human activities are most likely responsible for recent global warming by ___ the concentration of ___ in the atmosphere.

Increasing, greehouse gases

Lines that connect areas of equal temperature on a map are known as ___

Isotherms

Greenwich, England is important to geography because ____

It is the only major city that falls naturally on the prime meridian

About 16% of incoming solar radiation is ___ by the atmosphere.

Absorbed

Radiation with wavelengths from 21 to 50 micrometers is mostly ___ by the atmosphere

Absorbed

Distortions associated with maps are caused by

Projecting a curved Earth onto a flat map

According to energy flow inputs and outputs to and from the Earth, ___ latitude will most likely have a positive net radiation, while ___ will have negative net radiations.

0 degrees, 90 degrees N

All of the following are considered to be greenhouse gases except ___

Argon

Currently, the most accurate time is determined by

Atomic clocks based on cesium emissions

Seasonal changes in insolation that occur throughout the year are mainly due to Earth's ___

Axial tilt

The imaginary straight line drawn through the center of the Earth around which the Earth rotates is known as the ___

Axis

Geobrowsers display 3D virtual globes, creating

Both a platform for enhanced visualization and a citizen accessible system for mapping

Of these maps, which one is the largest scale?

C

The transfer of heat, or internal energy, can occur through all of the following processes except

Deceleration

All of the following are likely consequences of global warming except ___

Decreases in hurricanes

The decrease in temperature with increasing elevation occurs at a constant and average rate and is known as the ___

Environmental lapse rate

The parallel that lies midway between Earth's poles is known as the ____

Equator

Because the amount of daily and annual insolation varies largely with latitude, locations near the ____ will receive net radiation amounts that are higher and more even, while moving towards the poles net radiation will be ___ and more variable.

Equator, lower

Which of the following technologies is now always based on data from satellites?

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

When dealing with electromagnetic energy, ___ objects radiate more energy at shorter wavelengths than ____ objects.

Hotter, cooler

The ___ projection is a rectangular grid of meridians and parallels depicted as straight vertical and horizontal lines, respectively.

Mercator

Coastal cities have more ___, uniform annual temperatures than inland cities because large bodies of water heat and cool more ___ compared to land surfaces.

Moderate, slowly

The Earth;s lower atmosphere, or homosphere, is 99% composed of ___ and ___ gases.

Nitrogen, oxygen

The shape of the Earth is best described as a(n) ____

Oblate spheroid

All of the following are used as direct or proxy methods of air temperature measurements except _____

Rock samples

The flow of heat between two objects that results in a temperature change is known as ____

Sensible heat

The average amount of energy received by the Earth from the Sun, measured before entering out atmosphere, is known as ___

Solar constant

Which of the following statements correctly explains why solar radiation raises the temperature of water bodies less than it raises the temperate of land surfaces?

Solar radiation penetrates the surface of the water, whereas on land the radiation cannot penetrate the soil or rock. Mixing distributes the absorbed energy into lower layers of a water body. Generally evaporation is greater over water bodies than it is over land surfaces. Rock and soil have lower specific heat values than does water.

The field of geography is distinct from other disciplines it its attention to ____ relationships.

Spatial

____ time is based on 24 equal ____ wide time zones.

Standard; 15 degree

Since the angle of incoming solar radiation varies with latitude, solar insolation is ___ near the equator and ___ near the poles.

Strongest, weakest

Physical geography is distinguished from human geography based on its ____.

Study of the earth's components and processes

All of the following are recent human influences that have contributed to changes in net radiation and the global energy budget except ___

Water pollution

The ____ projection portrays the shapes and sizes of countries and continents with low distortion.

Winkel Tripel

Based on standard time, if it is 7:00 am in Miami, Florida, it would be ____ in Seattle, Washington

4 am

Using the geographic grid below, the position of point P in terms of latitude and longitude is ____

50 degrees N, 60 degrees W

What is the latitude and longitude of Point P?

50º N, 60º W

The map pictured below is an example of which type of map projection?

Cylindrical

Which of the following best describes what is happening in this satellite image?

The picture shows the places where people with electricity live.

Eratosthenes used ___ to calculate the Earth's circumference.

The scientific method

The Earth is tilted at a 23.5º angle to a line perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic. But what if it were not tilted at all. In other words on its entire trip around the sun, it would be positioned as seen in the figure below. What statement(s) below describe what this would result in?

There would be no season as we know them now Day and night would be of equal length all year round The climate here in SA would be, more or less, like it is on the equinoxes, but all year round There would no longer be anyplace on Earth that had 24 hours of daylight or darkness in one day.

Urban surface temperatures tend to be warmer than surrounding rural temperatures during the day because ____

They have more drier and darker surfaces