Chapter 1

Theoretical Approach

A basic image of society that guides thinking and research

Macro-Level Orientation

A broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole The big picture

Symbolic-Interaction Approach

A framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals

Social-Conflict Approach

A framework for building theory that sees society s an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change

Structural-Functional Approach

A framework for building theory that sees society that guides thinking and ressearch

Positivism

A scientific approach to knowledge based on "positive" facts as opposed to mere speculation

Sterotype

A simplified description applied to every person in some category

Theory

A statement of how and why specific facts are related

Micicro-Level Orientation

A-up focus on social interaction in specific situations

Social Structure

Any relatively stable pattern of social behavior

Social Dysfunction

Any social pattern that may disrupt the operation os society

Which early sociologist coined the term sociology in 1838

Auguste Comte

Where was the discipline of sociology first developed

Countries experiencing rapid social change

What early sociologist studied patterns of suicide

Emile Durkheim

Which woman, among the first sociologists, studied the evils of slavery and also translated the writings of Auguste Comte?

Harriet Martineau

Which term refers to the recognized and intended consequences of social pattern?

Manifest Functions

Low-Income Countries

Nation with a low standard of living in which most people are poor

Middle-Income Countries

Nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole

High-Income Countries

Nations with the highest overall standards of living

Which of the following illustrates a micro-level fous

Obsering two new dormitory roommates getting to know each other

What does Sociology's social-conflict approach draws attention to

Patterns of social inequality

What value does one get by studying sociology

Seeing the opportunities and constraints in our lives The fact that it is good preparation for a number of jobs Being more active participants in society

Sociological Perspective

Sociology's special point of view that sees general patterns of society in the lives of particular people

Feminism

Support of social equality of women and men

Social Functions

The consequences of any social pattern for the operation of society as a whole

What does the sociological perspective tell us about whom any individual chooses to marry?

The operation os society guides many of our personal choices

Manifest Functions

The recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern

Which theoretical approach is closest to that taken by early sociologists Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim

The structural-functional approach

Race-Conflict Theory

The study of society that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories

Gender-Conflict Theory (feminist theory)

The study of society that focuses on inequality and conflict between women and men

Global Perspective

The study of the larger world and our society's place in it

Sociology

The systematic study of human society

Latent Functions

The unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern