Chapter 1
Theoretical Approach
A basic image of society that guides thinking and research
Macro-Level Orientation
A broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole The big picture
Symbolic-Interaction Approach
A framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
Social-Conflict Approach
A framework for building theory that sees society s an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
Structural-Functional Approach
A framework for building theory that sees society that guides thinking and ressearch
Positivism
A scientific approach to knowledge based on "positive" facts as opposed to mere speculation
Sterotype
A simplified description applied to every person in some category
Theory
A statement of how and why specific facts are related
Micicro-Level Orientation
A-up focus on social interaction in specific situations
Social Structure
Any relatively stable pattern of social behavior
Social Dysfunction
Any social pattern that may disrupt the operation os society
Which early sociologist coined the term sociology in 1838
Auguste Comte
Where was the discipline of sociology first developed
Countries experiencing rapid social change
What early sociologist studied patterns of suicide
Emile Durkheim
Which woman, among the first sociologists, studied the evils of slavery and also translated the writings of Auguste Comte?
Harriet Martineau
Which term refers to the recognized and intended consequences of social pattern?
Manifest Functions
Low-Income Countries
Nation with a low standard of living in which most people are poor
Middle-Income Countries
Nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole
High-Income Countries
Nations with the highest overall standards of living
Which of the following illustrates a micro-level fous
Obsering two new dormitory roommates getting to know each other
What does Sociology's social-conflict approach draws attention to
Patterns of social inequality
What value does one get by studying sociology
Seeing the opportunities and constraints in our lives The fact that it is good preparation for a number of jobs Being more active participants in society
Sociological Perspective
Sociology's special point of view that sees general patterns of society in the lives of particular people
Feminism
Support of social equality of women and men
Social Functions
The consequences of any social pattern for the operation of society as a whole
What does the sociological perspective tell us about whom any individual chooses to marry?
The operation os society guides many of our personal choices
Manifest Functions
The recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern
Which theoretical approach is closest to that taken by early sociologists Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim
The structural-functional approach
Race-Conflict Theory
The study of society that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories
Gender-Conflict Theory (feminist theory)
The study of society that focuses on inequality and conflict between women and men
Global Perspective
The study of the larger world and our society's place in it
Sociology
The systematic study of human society
Latent Functions
The unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern
