Chapter 1
By making certain dietary changes (such as decreasing fat intake), a person may:
forestall the development of certain diseases and lessen the severity of a disease
Breast milk is considered the best food for young infants because
it is sanitary, provides immunity and is nutritionally adequate
1 kcal equals
1000 calories or 1 Calorie
4 grams protein
16 kcal 4g x 4 cal per g
A gram of protein contains how many kilocalories per gram
4
10 grams carbohydrate
40 kcal 10g x 4 cal per g
5 grams fat
45 kcal 5g x 9 cal per g
Stimulant effects
Alkaloids
What has the ability to develop crops that supply higher yields, resist pests, or are tolerant to drought conditions and could help solve the world food shortage.
Biotechnology
A unit of heat energy needed to raise one liter of water one degree Celsius.
Calorie
A person typically needs strong positive motivation to get them to change their eating behaviors. What are circumstances that will motivate a person to improve ingrained food- related behaviors?
Desire to gain/lose weight and motivated to improve health
describes a food that is manufactured to boost nutrient intakes?
Functional foods
person's way of living that includes: use of drugs, physical activity habits and dietary practices
Lifestyle
Which is a risk factor of chronic disease
Smoking, physical inactivity, genetic background and obesity
True or false: The information we have about diet and its relationship to health is constantly changing as new research becomes available.
True
Babies born to mothers undernourished during their pregnancy may suffer from
breathing problems
The nutrient composition in the bodies of men and women have similar amounts of what
carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins
smallest living functional unit in an organism.
cell
one hundredth of a meter.
centimeter
Water Glucose Iron
considered essential nutrients
Potential problems associated with undernutrition during pregnancy include:
death of mother and premature births
When taken in high amounts, many vitamins behave like _____and can produce unpleasant and even toxic side effects.
drugs
Pastries, Alcohol and Sugar-sweetened soft drinks
empty calories
A nutrient is considered what when it must be supplied by food because the body does not synthesize the nutrient or make enough to meet its needs.
essential
Vitamins, minerals, water, and amino acids are all examples of:
essential nutrients
Malnourished children are especially susceptible to
measles.
Special diets prescribed for people with chronic health conditions are called:
medical nutrition therapies
What is the term used to describe the intake of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount?
megadose
The prefix that means 1/1000
milli
food that is energy dense but provides some nutrition.
nuts
By eating a variety of nutrient dense foods you are likely to
obtain adequate amounts of the nutrients your body needs and eat a safe amount of each nutrient.
Overweight or obese Americans are an example of
overnutrition or malnutrition
The amount of a nutrient that allows the body to function optimally is called
physiological dose.
The purpose of UNICEF is to
provide high-quality food for undernourished populations
Most Americans are food
secure
In 2016, the National Academy of Sciences reported
there is no scientific evidence that indicates genetically engineered crops are unsafe for humans or harmful to the environment.
Americans with low incomes and individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa and chronic alcoholism are at increased risk of
undernutrition
nutritional habits, smoking and heredity
examples of risk factors
Most foods contain a mixture of what
fat, protein and carbohydrate
What is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram of carbohydrate?
5 kcal One gram of fat contains 9 kcal and one gram of carbohydrate contains 4 kcal,
Lipids contain how many kcal per gram.
9
Which of the following protects cells and their components from being damaged or destroyed by exposure to certain environmental and internal factors?
Antioxidants
orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables
Beta carotene, lutein, and lycopene (bcll)
Reduced risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration.
Carotenoids
What occurs when an essential nutrient is missing from the diet?
Deficiency disease
Households that include members that worry about running out of food or not having enough money to buy food are considered:
Food insecure
What is the study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that can happen to it?
chemistry
Orange juice fortified with calcium, margarines that interfere with the body's ability to absorb cholesterol and yogurt with live bacteria are all examples of
functional foods
The alteration of a plant or animal's hereditary material is called
genetically modified.
regulation of fluid balance, formation of certain chemical messengers, structural and functional components of various substances and tissues
minerals
When compared to a whole product, a refined product will typically have less
minerals and vitamins
Consuming reasonable amounts of food while obtaining enough nutrients from food is defined as dietary
moderation.
The typical American today consumes _______fat, sugar, and total kcalories than in 1970.
more
The nutrient that comprises the largest percentage of the body of a healthy man or woman is
water.
About how many nutrients are considered essential?
50
What term describes the energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight?
Energy density
May kill certain microbes
Glycosides
What contributes to the spread of infectious disease in developing countries?
Lack of clean cooking and drinking water and poor sanitation practices
Which food does not contain nutrients from each if the classes of food groups
Margarine
Which of the following is the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C?
Scurvy
What is the best way to get the appropriate nutrients and phytochemicals in your diet?
Variety
Heading Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease caused by a lack of what
Niacin
Can a good supplement can adequately replace a diet filled with a variety of whole foods?
No
eating large amounts of foods that are fortified and taking megadoses of a supplement may result in
Nutrient toxicity
What term describes a food or beverage that has more vitamins and minerals in relation to its energy value?
Nutrient-dense
sugar, vitamins, and minerals What is the name for the nutrient-dense paste that is made of peanuts, powdered milk, oil, and is used to treat undernourished children in developing countries.
Plumpy'nut
What is the state of health when the body is improperly nourished, including under- and overnutrition?
Malnutrition
energy source and necessary for the absorption of certain vitamins
lipids
What is produced when a wheat kernel is stripped of its nutrient-rich germ and bran?
White flour
provide food aid and learn more efficient ways to grow food are what?
strategies to reduce poverty and hunger
The most likely time for the possibility of nutrient toxicity to become a concern would be when:
taking a megadose of a vitamin or supplement
Which of the following foods are rich in phytochemicals?
vegetables and fruits
maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, and protection against agents that can damage cellular components
vitamins
regulation of body temperature, elimination of wastes, and transportation of substances
water
irrigation that removes water from rivers, use of pesticides and cutting down trees to create cropland
Conventional farming that harms environment
Risk factor of heart disease
High fat diet
Formula for finding inches to centimeters
Inches x 2.54
What has happened to the average calorie intake for Americans since 1994?
Increased
soybeans & legumes
Isoflavonoids
Which circumstances increase a person's chances of undernutrition in the United States?
Living in poverty, Anorexia nervosa and Chronic alcoholism
Which two nutrients provide no usable calories for the body?
Minerals Vitamins
v Antioxidant effects, may improve immune system functioning
Organosulfides
Factors most likely to influence food choices
Religious beliefs, peers and mood
Some ways to solve problems created by conventional farming methods include:
Rely more on non chemical pest management and find ways to improve crop yields.
red wine, purple grapes & grape juice
Reservatrol
What is the name for the current nutritional assistance program that enables low-income participants to purchase food with an electronic benefit transfer card
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
provides calories from only one of the macronutrients?
Vegetable oil
School lunch program, WIC, SNAP and Elderly nutrition program
food assistance programs that are popular in the United States
less red meat, milk, and eggs, more refined products and more fish, cheese, and poultry
Compared to the past, today's typical American consumes:
Which factors contribute to undernutrition in developing countries?
Disease War Overpopulation