chapter 1

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?

Francis Cecil Sumner

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.

Gestalt psychology

Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

Humanism

In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this particular area of study?

It can describe what happens between cultures, but not explain why those differences occur.

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.

The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?

favoring women over men

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?

examination of anatomy and physiology

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

observation of phenomena.

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

her own conscious experience

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

Psychology refers to the ________.

scientific study of the mind and behavior.

Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

In the study of personality, the ________ model includes different traits that are believed to underlie each individualâ s basic tendencies.

Five Factor

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?

Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Which of the following is one of the reasons that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?

The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology.

Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig?

Wilhelm Wundt

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

clinical psychology

Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?

A tentative explanation

A(n) ________ , also known as an operant chamber, is an instrument that isolates an animal from the external environment and allows a researcher to control that animalâ s rewards and punishments

Skinner box

According to William James, what was the true purpose of psychology?

Studying the function of behavior in the world

Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

developmental

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.

social psychology

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why?

Populations of developed nations are living longer.

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.

biopsychologist

Dr. Singh has just completed her PhD program and is now applying for a year-long program at a nationally-recognized hospital. If accepted, she will greatly advance her knowledge of behavioral neuroscience. Dr. Singh is applying for a(n) ________ training program.

postdoctoral

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Which of the following is a common requirement of a PhD across different schools and/or countries?

A dissertation

Which famous female psychologist completed all of the requirements for a doctorate in psychology but was denied that degree because of her sex?

Mary Whiton Calkins

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.

conscientiousness

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?

whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese