Chapter 1 hwk questions

Match the direction term to its opposite term

Superficial- deep Cranial- caudal Ventral- dorsal Distal- proximal

Sometimes a homeostasis imbalance occurs when a variable normally controlled by a negative feedback is instead controlled by a positive feedback

True

The correct anatomic directional term for "at the rear of tail end" is

Caudal

Match the word with its correct description of how body temperature stimulates a negative feedback mechanism when body temperature rises above normal

Stimulus- vigorous executive raises body temperature Receptors- organs in the skin detect heat Control center- hypothalamus of brain sets body temperature Effectors- blood vessels dilate, sweat glands secrete sweat Homeostasis- body temperature returns to normal

Anterior means toward the ______ surface.

front

Rank the following terms from simplest to most complex

1. cells 2. tissues 3. organs 4. organ systems 5. organism

Scientists who study the structure and form of organisms are called

Anatomists

Match the description on the right as it relates to the field of anatomy and physiology on the left

Anatomy- describes the muscle layers in the body all of the small intestine Physiology- describes the mechanisms by which different nutrients are broken down

Match the description on the right as it relates best to the field of anatomy or physiology on the left

Anatomy- studies the small intestine including it's relationship to the rest of the body Physiology- examines how the muscles of the small intestine propel food through it's digestive tract

What is the correct anatomical term for "front" or "belly side"

Anterior

Match the subdivision of physiology on the left with the best description on the right

Cardiovascular physiology- the function of the heart, blood, and blood vessels are examined Neurophysiology- an examination of nerve impulses that travel throughout the body Respiratory physiology- a study of how gas exchange occurs Reproductive physiology- gamete production and related hormones and physiologic cycles

In a homeostasis control mechanism, the _________ is the structure that interprets input from the receptor and imitates changes through the effector

Control center

Which of the following body structures can serve as effectors

Exocrine glands Muscles

Hes cause the end result of a positive feedback mechanism is to increase the activity, positive feedback mechanisms are much more common than negative feedback mechanisms

False

The nose is lateral to the eyes

False

Anatomists study the ____ of organisms

Form

The body's ability to maintain an average temperature of about 73 degrees Celsius regardless of the outside temperate is called

Homeostasis

In the scientific method, a possible explanation for explaining phenomena is developed. This possible explanation is called a(n)

Hypothesis

The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the midline of the body" is

Medial

____ is best described as investigating the relationship between the function of an organ system and disease or injury of that organ

Pathophysiology

_____ is the anatomic directional term which means "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk"

Proximal

The components associated with a homeostatic system include

Receptor Effector Control center

Match the word with its correct description of how body temperature stimulates a negative feedback mechanism when body temperature falls below normal

Receptor- free nerve endings in the skin detect cold Control center- hypothalamus of brain sets body temperature Effectors- blood vessels in the skin constrict, muscles shiver Stimulus- cold temperature lowers body temperature below normal Homeostasis- body temperature returns to normal

The correct anatomic direction term meaning "toward the nose" is

Rostral

Choose all that are examples of negative feedback regulation

Standard heart rate Normal blood pressure

____ is the anatomic direction term which means "on the outside" or "toward the skin"

Superficial

The word anatomy is derived from the green word anatome, which could be described by which of the following?

To dissect To cut apart

Most processes in the body are controlled by negative feedback

True

Physiology focuses on the molecular or cellular level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work

True

Sometimes homeostasis imbalance occurs when a variable normally controlled by negative feedback is instead controlled by positive feedback

True

anatomists and physiologists use the scientific method to explain and understand the workings of the body

True

The correct anatomic direction term for "at the belly side of the human body" is

Ventral

Scientists who study the structure and form of organisms are

anatomists

________ tends to focus on form and structure, while _________ focuses on the mechanisms and functions of these structures.

anatomy and physiology

Which term describes the relationship of the stomach to the spinal cord

anterior

Rank the following terms from simplest to most complex

atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells

The term posterior means toward the ___ surface

back

Which are examples of a positive feedback loop

blood clotting, breast feeding, childbirth

Gross anatomy investigates the structures that ______ be seen with the unaided eye

can

Which are examples of negative feedback regulation

changes in blood pressure when exercising changing breathing rate in response to an increase of CO2

______ may explore how the lower limb differs between humans and chimps.

comparative anatomy

The chemical level of an organization is

composed of atoms and molecules, the simplest level of organization

The term that means toward the back is

dorsal

The structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus is called a(n)

effector

Physiology is the study of ___ of body parts

function

The anatomy that is also called macroscopic anatomy is _____ anatomy

gross

_____ study the function of body parts

physiologists

Uterine contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of feedback loop

positive feedback

When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climatic event occurs, it is best described as

positive feedback

In terms of anatomic directional terms, the heart is considered ______ to the sternum.

posterior

______ investigates the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures

radiographic anatomy

The component of homeostasis that is a sensory nerve body structure which detects changes in a variable is known as a(n)

receptor

If one is studying the axillary (armpit) area of the body and its nerves, blood vessels, lymph nodes, musculature, connective tissue, and skin, ______ is the type of anatomy that is being studied.

regional anatomy

_______ may explore all of the body structures in the anterior neck

regional anatomy

Negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within a normal level or what is called a ____ point

set

Anatomy is the study of

structure and form

Histology refers to

study of tissues

Which is the correct example of a directional term

the heart is medial to the lungs

Microscopic anatomy examines structures that ____ be seen by the unaided eye

cannot

Superior means

closer to the head

The term superficial means _____ of the body

closer to the outside