Chapter 1 hwk questions
Match the direction term to its opposite term
Superficial- deep Cranial- caudal Ventral- dorsal Distal- proximal
Sometimes a homeostasis imbalance occurs when a variable normally controlled by a negative feedback is instead controlled by a positive feedback
True
The correct anatomic directional term for "at the rear of tail end" is
Caudal
Match the word with its correct description of how body temperature stimulates a negative feedback mechanism when body temperature rises above normal
Stimulus- vigorous executive raises body temperature Receptors- organs in the skin detect heat Control center- hypothalamus of brain sets body temperature Effectors- blood vessels dilate, sweat glands secrete sweat Homeostasis- body temperature returns to normal
Anterior means toward the ______ surface.
front
Rank the following terms from simplest to most complex
1. cells 2. tissues 3. organs 4. organ systems 5. organism
Scientists who study the structure and form of organisms are called
Anatomists
Match the description on the right as it relates to the field of anatomy and physiology on the left
Anatomy- describes the muscle layers in the body all of the small intestine Physiology- describes the mechanisms by which different nutrients are broken down
Match the description on the right as it relates best to the field of anatomy or physiology on the left
Anatomy- studies the small intestine including it's relationship to the rest of the body Physiology- examines how the muscles of the small intestine propel food through it's digestive tract
What is the correct anatomical term for "front" or "belly side"
Anterior
Match the subdivision of physiology on the left with the best description on the right
Cardiovascular physiology- the function of the heart, blood, and blood vessels are examined Neurophysiology- an examination of nerve impulses that travel throughout the body Respiratory physiology- a study of how gas exchange occurs Reproductive physiology- gamete production and related hormones and physiologic cycles
In a homeostasis control mechanism, the _________ is the structure that interprets input from the receptor and imitates changes through the effector
Control center
Which of the following body structures can serve as effectors
Exocrine glands Muscles
Hes cause the end result of a positive feedback mechanism is to increase the activity, positive feedback mechanisms are much more common than negative feedback mechanisms
False
The nose is lateral to the eyes
False
Anatomists study the ____ of organisms
Form
The body's ability to maintain an average temperature of about 73 degrees Celsius regardless of the outside temperate is called
Homeostasis
In the scientific method, a possible explanation for explaining phenomena is developed. This possible explanation is called a(n)
Hypothesis
The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the midline of the body" is
Medial
____ is best described as investigating the relationship between the function of an organ system and disease or injury of that organ
Pathophysiology
_____ is the anatomic directional term which means "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk"
Proximal
The components associated with a homeostatic system include
Receptor Effector Control center
Match the word with its correct description of how body temperature stimulates a negative feedback mechanism when body temperature falls below normal
Receptor- free nerve endings in the skin detect cold Control center- hypothalamus of brain sets body temperature Effectors- blood vessels in the skin constrict, muscles shiver Stimulus- cold temperature lowers body temperature below normal Homeostasis- body temperature returns to normal
The correct anatomic direction term meaning "toward the nose" is
Rostral
Choose all that are examples of negative feedback regulation
Standard heart rate Normal blood pressure
____ is the anatomic direction term which means "on the outside" or "toward the skin"
Superficial
The word anatomy is derived from the green word anatome, which could be described by which of the following?
To dissect To cut apart
Most processes in the body are controlled by negative feedback
True
Physiology focuses on the molecular or cellular level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work
True
Sometimes homeostasis imbalance occurs when a variable normally controlled by negative feedback is instead controlled by positive feedback
True
anatomists and physiologists use the scientific method to explain and understand the workings of the body
True
The correct anatomic direction term for "at the belly side of the human body" is
Ventral
Scientists who study the structure and form of organisms are
anatomists
________ tends to focus on form and structure, while _________ focuses on the mechanisms and functions of these structures.
anatomy and physiology
Which term describes the relationship of the stomach to the spinal cord
anterior
Rank the following terms from simplest to most complex
atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells
The term posterior means toward the ___ surface
back
Which are examples of a positive feedback loop
blood clotting, breast feeding, childbirth
Gross anatomy investigates the structures that ______ be seen with the unaided eye
can
Which are examples of negative feedback regulation
changes in blood pressure when exercising changing breathing rate in response to an increase of CO2
______ may explore how the lower limb differs between humans and chimps.
comparative anatomy
The chemical level of an organization is
composed of atoms and molecules, the simplest level of organization
The term that means toward the back is
dorsal
The structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus is called a(n)
effector
Physiology is the study of ___ of body parts
function
The anatomy that is also called macroscopic anatomy is _____ anatomy
gross
_____ study the function of body parts
physiologists
Uterine contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of feedback loop
positive feedback
When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climatic event occurs, it is best described as
positive feedback
In terms of anatomic directional terms, the heart is considered ______ to the sternum.
posterior
______ investigates the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures
radiographic anatomy
The component of homeostasis that is a sensory nerve body structure which detects changes in a variable is known as a(n)
receptor
If one is studying the axillary (armpit) area of the body and its nerves, blood vessels, lymph nodes, musculature, connective tissue, and skin, ______ is the type of anatomy that is being studied.
regional anatomy
_______ may explore all of the body structures in the anterior neck
regional anatomy
Negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within a normal level or what is called a ____ point
set
Anatomy is the study of
structure and form
Histology refers to
study of tissues
Which is the correct example of a directional term
the heart is medial to the lungs
Microscopic anatomy examines structures that ____ be seen by the unaided eye
cannot
Superior means
closer to the head
The term superficial means _____ of the body
closer to the outside