Chapter 1 Introduction to Psychology

Which perspective focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions, and other kinds of mental states?

structuralism

Unlike counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists help people who are _____ .

suffering from serious psychological disorders

What is included in cognitive psychology?

thinking, problem solving, language, judging

Which determinant of behavior is the main position of neuroscience in psychology?

unconscious

In which of the following settings would you be likely to find a psychologist working?

university, government, public school district, hospital

In the United States, _____ outnumber _____ in the field of psychology.

women, men

The internal emphasis of psychology is found primarily in which perspectives of psychology?

Cognitive; neuroscience; psychodynamic

True or False: Functionalism focuses on the mind's structure.

False. Functionalism focuses on how the mind functions.

_____ psychology emphasizes how perception is organized.

Gestalt

What is true of the neuroscience perspective?

It emphasizes that the brain is central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion.

A _____ is a degree that requires the completion of original research, whereas a _____ is a degree for those wishing to focus on the treatment of psychological disorders.

PhD; PsyD

William _____ created the first psychology laboratory.

Wundt

Which is an outward observable behavior?

a vocal tic

Cross-cultural psychology investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning across various _____ and ethnic groups.

cultural

_____ psychology studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.

developmental

_____ psychology considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.

evolutionary

Determinism is the idea that behavior is a reflection of _____ .

factors beyond the control of the individual

The idea that individuals make choices to display abnormal behavior is called _____ .

free will

_____ is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment.

functionalism

Who was associated with the gestalt movement?

Max Wertheimer

A focus on external behavior rather than the internal working of the mind is favored by the _____ perspective.

behavioral

_____ genetics is an area in psychology that focuses on biological mechanisms.

behavioral

Free will is the idea that beahvior is a reflection of _____ .

choices made by the individual.

Which perspective is most likely to regard the mind as a computer?

cognitive

The five perspectives in psychology that are most practices today include _____ .

cognitive; psychodynamic; humanistic; behavioral; neuroscience

The cognitive perspective would most likely compare the human brain to a: _____

computer

Which subfield of psychology focuses primarily on education, social, and career adjustment problems?

counseling

To be the best informed consumer, one must employ _____ thinking techniques, which includes learning, memory, and cognition to name a few.

critical

Which perspectives would likely emphasize nurture more than nature?

humanistic; behavioral

Which procedure was favored by structuralists over functionalists?

introspection

_____ is a procedure used to study the structure of the mind, the main method of investigation for structuralist; looking into one's own mind for information.

introspection

Experimental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of _____ about the world.

learning, perceiving, thinking, sensing

Clinical _____ is the branch of psychology that unites the areas of neuroscience and clinical psychology.

neuropsychology

Behavioral _____ is the subfield of psychology that focuses on how the brain and the nervous system determine behavior.

neurosciece

It is hoped that advances in _____ will allow psychologists to focus more on prevention of psychological disorders rather than only treatment.

neuroscience

The _____ perspective in psychology considers how the body's functioning affects hopes and fears.

neuroscience

When trying to be an informed consumer of psychology, it is important to keep which of the following in mind?

no one source is definitive; know the source of the information; be aware there is no universal cure for all ills

Gestalt psychologists have made substantial contributions to our understanding of: _____

perception

_____ psychology focuses on the consitency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.

personality

The position of determinism is supported by which major perspective?

psychodynamic

The field of _____ is involved in the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

psychology