chapter 10-14 psych

Identity _____ is the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment.

achievement

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the primary reason middle-aged and older women cited for wanting a divorce was

verbal, physical, or emotional abuse.

If researchers measure an individual's self-esteem at ages 10, 20, 30, and 40 years, where are they likely to find the most stability?

when measured at the age of 20 and then again at the age of 30

Which of the following does the new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasize?

Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems during adolescence.

Which of the following is a major difference between Levinson's and Valliant's views on midlife?

Unlike Levinson, Valliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience a midlife crisis.

According to Levinson, the transition to middle adulthood requires the adult male to come to grips with four major conflicts. Which of the following is one of the major conflicts?

being young versus being old

Which of the following is the term that most researchers use to describe crisis?

exploration

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages is the most important issue to be negotiated in adolescence?

identity versus identity confusion

The new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasizes that

in most families, parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe.

At approximately _____ years of age, two types of romantic involvement occur: casual dating and dating in groups.

14 to 16

Identity development

takes place in bits and pieces.

The results of the 2019 national survey of more than 35,000 U.S. single adults are best summarized as

"fast sex and slow love."

Based on the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, which of the following groups uses media for the longest time during a day?

11- to 14-year-olds

Early bloomers include

15 to 20 percent of 11- to 13-year-olds who say that they currently are in a romantic relationship.

Late bloomers comprise approximately 10 percent of _____ who say that they have had no experience with romantic relationships.

17- to 19-year-olds

_____ reflects an individual's personal investment in identity.

Commitment

Which of the following is one of John Gottman's seven main practices that help marriages succeed?

Establish love maps.

What did Levinson's research conclude about women and the midlife transition?

Levinson's stages, transitions, and the crisis of middle age hold for women as well as men.

Which of the following statements about romantic love is true?

Males show lower anxiety about romantic love than females.

Which of the following is an outcome of the growing trend of having fewer children?

Men are apt to invest a greater amount of time in fathering.

Kelly has just given birth to her first baby at the age of 37; her best friend, Olivia, age 26, also gave birth to her first child. Which of the following is most likely to be true for these new mothers?

Olivia will have fewer medical problems with pregnancy and childbirth.

_____ love is also called eros.

Romantic

Which of the following statements is true of intergenerational relationships?

Similarities between parents and an adult child are most noticeable in religion and politics.

Which of the following is an advantage of having children early?

The parents are likely to have more physical energy.

According to the new model of parent-adolescent relationships, which of the following is a benefit of everyday negotiations and minor disputes?

They help adolescents become more autonomous.

According to Levinson, which of the following should occur at the end of one's teens?

a transition from dependence to independence

Rose's ex-boyfriend, Peter, describes her as clingy and dependent. During their relationship, she always told him that she loved him and wanted to rush into marriage. She also kept tabs on Peter and was jealous of all his female friends and colleagues. Rose seems to have a(n) _____ attachment style.

anxious

Which of the following is one of the main reasons that grandparents are thrust back into the "parenting" role they thought they had shed?

adolescent pregnancies

Individuals who are high in _____ tend to have more satisfying romantic relationships and to engage in more positive affect to stressors.

agreeableness

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), which of the following was among the reasons cited by middle-aged and older women for their divorce?

alcohol or drug abuse

Recent research on developmental changes in the five personality factors suggests that _____ continues to increase from early adulthood to late adulthood.

conscientiousness

The _____ life-events approach emphasized the manner in which life events influence an individual's development depends not only on these events but also on mediating factors.

contemporary

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), one of the reasons middle-aged and older men cited for wanting a divorce was

different values and lifestyles.

Most research studies indicate that the greatest change in personality traits occurs in

early adulthood.

At which grade level does conformity to peers peak?

eighth and ninth grades

Identity _____ is the status of individuals who have made a commitment but not experienced a crisis.

foreclosure

Adult development experts are virtually unanimous in their belief that midlife crises

have been exaggerated

Adolescents who do not successfully resolve their identity crisis suffer from what Erikson calls

identity confusion

Shane's family wants him to decide on the career that he wants to pursue. His parents are doctors and would prefer that he study medicine. However, Shane does not seem very keen on deciding on his career at the moment. In this scenario, which of the following statuses of identity is Shane experiencing?

identity diffusion

Arthur's parents own a home appliances business. His parents, along with his three older brothers, manage the business together. They want Arthur to help with the business once he graduates. Arthur has agreed to join the family business, without putting much thought into this decision. In this scenario, Arthur is in the status of identity referred to as

identity foreclosure.

According to Erik Erikson, during the _____ stage, adolescents are faced with deciding who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life.

identity versus identity confusion

One of the benefits of a good marriage is:

increased longevity

Mateo and Stephen, who are classmates, have an affair with each other. They are in a relationship that has an ingredient of passion. However, they do not have feelings of warmth or closeness toward each other and do not intend to appraise the relationship. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triangular theory of love, Mateo and Stephen's love relationship is mostly likely categorized as

infatuation

According to Robert J. Sternberg's triangular theory of love, _____ relates to the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.

intimacy

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages occurs during early adulthood, after individuals are well on their way to establishing stable and successful identities?

intimacy versus isolation

Research indicates that links between early attachment styles and later attachment styles are _____ by stressful and disruptive experiences.

lessened

In the context of online dating, a national study of more than 19,000 individuals found that

marriages that began online were characterized by slightly higher marital satisfaction than those that started in traditional offline contexts.

Dylan does his homework in front of the television while listening to music on his iPod and also simultaneously text messaging his friends. These actions are collectively known as

media multitasking.

Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes an individual as either self-satisfied or self-pitying?

neuroticism

Riley is 25 years old, and will soon be starting a career as a business analyst. According to Levinson, Riley is in the _____ phase of adult development.

novice

Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes whether an individual is imaginative or practical?

openness to experience

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, consummate love is characterized by

passion, intimacy, and commitment.

Which of the following is another name for romantic love?

passionate love

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics was generally stable in the life span of an adult?

self-confidence

Jared is 50 years old. He has been working at a corporate law firm for the past 25 years. Even though he has been successful in his career, he realizes that he has done nothing for his children. According to Erikson's theory, Jared's realization indicates

stagnation