Chapter 10: Civil War

How did free blacks fare in the United States after the declaration of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Relief almost always proved difficult because of the small amount of land available for redistribution to blacks.

The fall of which of the following cities signaled the end of the Civil War?

Richmond

How did Mary Peake contribute to the education of blacks in the 1850s and 1860s?

She had started a school for slaves and free blacks as early as 1851—in violation of Virginia law at the time.

What role did Susie King Taylor have in the Union army during the Civil War?

She worked as a nurse, cook, and laundress, and she taught soldiers how to read.

Which of the following is true of slave owners in the South during the Civil War?

Slave owners would commonly take their slaves in haste to safety from war-torn regions.

Identify an accurate statement about the Confederacy during the Civil War.

Slaves were closely controlled and patrol laws were strengthened all over the South.

What roles did Harriet Tubman play for the Union army during the Civil War? (Check all that apply.)

Spy Cook

Who was the woman who escaped from slavery and recounted her experiences in her memoir Reminiscences of My Life in Camp with the 33d United States Colored Troops (1902) about her time in the Union army during the Civil War?

Susie King Taylor

Why did Benjamin Butler decide to enlist the Louisiana Native Guards to the Union army in 1862?

Because he saw the wisdom of enlisting them after a Confederate attack on nearby Baton Rouge

In 1861, veteran white abolitionist Lewis Tappan offered the services of the _____ to the Union to help educate blacks.

American Missionary Association

The Civil War came to an end as Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to the Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House on _____.

April 9, 1865

Why did Lincoln restrain his officers who emancipated slaves without his authorization in the early period of the Civil War?

Because he did not want to risk losing the loyalty of the slave-owning Border States

Why did Lincoln initially refrain from enlisting blacks in the Union army when the Civil War broke out in 1861?

Because he feared that the Border States would resist a policy of arming blacks

Why did Lincoln allow black troops to enlist in the Union army in August 1862?

Because the Union army faced mounting deaths and desertions and declining enlistments

Identify an attribute of plantations in the South during the Civil War.

Black men and women became increasingly insolent toward their masters.

Congress awarded a medal to _____ for gallantry while acting as color-sergeant of the Thirty-Ninth United States Colored Troops at Petersburg on July 30, 1864.

Decatur Dorsey

What was the policy of the Union generals to southern slaves who escaped to Union lines?

Each Union general seemed to use his own discretion while dealing with the slaves.

True or false: During the Civil War years, both army officers and the government were fully equipped to ensure the fair treatment of blacks, meet their basic needs, and provide medical care in every camp.

False

True or false: Slave owners were happy when the Confederacy passed a law to impress slaves during the Civil War.

False

True or false: The number of actual insurrections in the Confederacy was relatively high because slaves were unable to secure their freedom without committing violence.

False

What did the Enlistment Act of July 17, 1862, do?

It decreed that white soldiers would receive more pay than black soldiers of the same rank.

How did Lincoln plan on emancipating the blacks?

He advocated a policy of gradual emancipation.

How did Lincoln respond to General David Hunter's proclamation that slaves in Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina were "forever free" in 1862?

He nullified Hunter's order.

How did General Rufus Saxton, the head of the Department of the South, deal with former slaves in December 1862?

He provided blacks with two acres of land for each working hand and required them to raise a certain amount of cotton for the government.

What did Lincoln instruct General David Hunter to do with the First South Carolina Volunteer Regiment of former slaves in 1862?

He told Hunter to disband this unit, and the men were sent home unpaid and dissatisfied.

Which of the following is true of Lincoln's plans and policies?

He was hopeful that colonization would remove at least a portion of the blacks from the United States.

How did the Confederacy address the acute labor shortage that it faced during the late years of the Civil War?

It attempted to impress slaves to address the labor shortage.

Which of the following is true of the Emancipation Proclamation?

It did not free slaves residing in those pockets within the Confederate States loyal to the Union from the start.

Identify an accurate statement about the Emancipation Proclamation.

It sounded the death-knell for the institution of slavery despite its limitations.

What impact did the Emancipation Proclamation have on its release?

It succeeded in rallying to the northern cause many thousands of British and other European liberals and believers in democracy.

Which of the following is true of black enlistment during the Civil War?

It was the enlistment of black soldiers in the South that helped to fill the draft quotas of the northern states.

Who was the soldier of the Thirty-Sixth United States Colored Troops who received a medal for rushing in advance of his brigade to shoot a Confederate officer leading his men into action in the Civil War?

James Gardner

How did slaves fare on southern plantations during the Civil War?

Male slaves gained greater freedom of movement.

Identify the true statement about the treatment of black soldiers in Fort Pillow by the Confederates.

Many were shot dead and others were burned alive.

Identify the true statement about the views of the northerners on Lincoln's policies during the Civil War.

Most northern Democrats rejected the idea of black freedom.

How did the Confederate economy fare during the Civil War?

The Confederacy had great difficulty making the transition to a wartime economy that could provide the food necessary for its fighting forces.

How were captured black soldiers of the Union army dealt with by the Confederacy?

The Confederate secretary of war countenanced the killing of some black prisoners to make an example of them.

Identify a true statement about the Union army during the Civil War.

The War Department only began to grant equal pay to black soldiers in 1864.

What was General Rufus Saxton's plan for black fugitives of the Civil War in December 1862?

The abandoned lands of the Confederate slave owners were to be used for the benefit of former slaves.

Identify a true statement about black enlistment in the Union army during the Civil War.

The abolitionists declared that it would be cruel to deprive blacks of the opportunity to fight for the freedom of their brothers and sisters.

Identify the true statements about the constitutional amendments proposed by Senator John J. Crittenden in 1860.

The amendments favored federal protection of slaveholders' interests. The amendments effectively guaranteed the perpetuation of slavery.

Identify the true statements about the redistribution of abandoned plantations and other areas confiscated by the Union. (Check all that apply.)

The federal government reclaimed the forty-acre parcels of land distributed to slave families on the South Carolina Sea Islands. The federal government either returned the land to the former owners or sold parcels to private investors.

Identify a feature of Lincoln's draft of an emancipation proclamation.

The proclamation reversed Lincoln's position on black troops and called for the enlistment of black soldiers.

Identify the true statements about the black refugees who poured into federal areas during the Civil War. (Check all that apply.)

Their numbers doubled the size of African Americans in Washington, D.C. Black women constituted the vast majority of refugees in the camps.

How did blacks aid the cause of the Union army during the Civil War?

They used their knowledge of the southern countryside to act as spies.

Which of the following are true of the African American responses to the attack on Fort Sumter and the ensuing Civil War? (Check all that apply.)

They volunteered for the Union military, believing the war to be as much or even more their fight. They brought a unique apocalyptic meaning about God's intervention and coming justice to the war.

Identify a feature of the Louisiana Native Guards during the 1860s.

They were fully mustered into service for the Union army by Benjamin Butler.

President Lincoln left little doubt that _____ had been the primary justification for the Emancipation Proclamation.

military expediency

An accurate statement about the Confederacy during the Civil War is that _____.

most white southerners lived in constant fear of slave uprisings during the war

Abolitionists grew disgruntled in the Civil War's first year because _____.

of the lack of a consistent policy toward slaves who escaped to Union lines

During the Civil War, when an area was threatened with invasion by federal troops, southern planters attempted to remove their slaves to safety, usually in the interior. This was popularly called "_____."

running the Negroes

Lincoln's draft of an emancipation proclamation stated that _____.

slave owners in the Confederate States would be penalized under the Confiscation Act

An accurate statement about black troops in the Union army during the Civil War is that _____.

they were organized into regiments of light and heavy artillery, cavalry, infantry, and engineers

When Lincoln took office for the first time, he had one overarching goal—_____.

to preserve the Union