Chapter 11

46. Program documentation _____. a. describes the inputs, outputs, and processing logic for all program modules b. consists of instructions and information to users who will interact with the system and includes user manuals, help screens, programs, and online tutorials c. includes data dictionary entries, data flow diagrams, screen layouts, and the systems request that initiated the program d. creates links within the program that will take a user to the appropriate documentation

Describes the inputs, outputs, and processing logic for all program modules

7. Most webinars are web-based broadcasts that allow a user to download multimedia files to a PC or portable device.

False: podcast

4. Commercial software packages must undergo unit and integration testing similar to that of in-house developed systems, although system testing usually is not performed.

False: systems testing is always performed on commercial software packages

12. Modules that are independent are tightly coupled.

False:loosely coupled

26. The given figure shows a _____ module, which is reusable code and can be invoked from more than one point in a structure chart. a. library b. data c. subordinate d. control

Library

29. In a structure chart, a curved arrow represents a _____, which indicates that one or more modules are repeated. a. pie b. status flag c. loop d. freeform

Loop

42. Which of the following is specified by the detailed procedures in a test plan? a. The result of the final test of all programs b. How a separate operational and test environment is prepared c. The test data to be used d. Who will work with the new system and ensure that all necessary features have been included

The test data to be used

22. Structured application development usually involves a(n) _____, which proceeds from a general design to a detailed structure. a. top-down approach b. test plan c. training plan d. integrated approach

Top-down approach

54. Using a _____ strategy, knowledgeable users can be selected who then conduct sessions for others. a. structured walkthrough b. train-the-trainer c. direct cutover d. top-down design

Train-the-trainer

40. During _____, programmers must test programs that interact with other programs and files separately before they are integrated into the system. a. unit testing b. integrated testing c. acceptance testing d. functional testing

Unit testing

47. System developers use _____ to document and trail program defects, code changes, and replacement code. a. bug tracking software b. the obstruction generator c. fault promotion analysis d. the defect distribution policy

Bug tracking software

56. During _____, existing data is loaded into the new system. a. data visualization b. data conversion c. data collision d. data normalization

Data conversion

38. In addition to analyzing logic and program code, a project team usually holds a session with users, called a _____, to review the interface with a cross-section of people who will work with the new system and ensure that all the necessary features have been included. a. unit test b. design walkthrough c. function assessment d. closure meeting

Design walkthrough

70. User documentation includes _____. a. security and audit trail information b. program, systems analyst, programmer, and system identification c. frequently asked questions (FAQs) d. description of source document content, preparation, processing, and samples

-Security and audit trail information -Frequently asked questions (FAQs) -Description of source document content, preparation, processing, and samples

69. If a module must perform multiple tasks, _____. a. the module will be less difficult to create and maintain b. the module will be more difficult to create and maintain c. a less complex coding is required d. a more complex coding is required

-The module will be more difficult to create and maintain && -A more complex coding is required

65. Roger enquires Pete on how to represent the fact that one program module (a control module) determines subordinate modules that will be invoked. Pete tells him that he can use a condition. What symbol is used for a condition? a. An arrow with a filled circle b. An arrow with an empty circle c. A line with a diamond on one end d. A line with a diamond on both ends

A line with a diamond on one end

44. Successful completion of system testing is the key to user and management approval, which is why system tests sometimes are called _____. a. integrated tests b. modular tests c. unit tests d. acceptance tests

Acceptance test

64. Pete informs Roger that one type of element in a structure chart is a data couple, which shows data that one module passes to another. What symbol is used for a data couple? a. An arrow with a filled circle b. An arrow with an empty circle c. A line with a diamond on one end d. A line with a diamond on both ends

An arrow with an empty circle

19. _____ is the process of constructing the programs and code modules that serves as the building blocks of an information system. a. Application structuring b. Application analysis c. Application development d. Application virtualization

Application development

34. A class diagram includes the class _____, which describe the characteristics of objects in the class. a. methods b. keys c. events d. attributes

Attributes

17. The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) established a new model, called _____, which incorporates software and systems development into a much larger framework. a. the Department of Defense (DoD) model b. the Thousand-Yard Model c. Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) model d. Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)

Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)

30. _____ measures a module's scope and processing characteristics. a. Coupling b. Indexing c. Cohesion d. Partitioning

Cohesion

28. In a structure chart, a(n) _____ line, with a diamond on one end, indicates that a control module determines which subordinate modules will be invoked. a. method b. condition c. class d. attribute

Condition

49. User documentation _____. a. allows users to prepare overall documentation, such as process descriptions and report layouts, early in the software development life cycle (SDLC) b. describes a system's functions and how they are implemented c. contains all the information needed for users to process and distribute online and printed output d. consists of instructions and information to users who will interact with the system

Consists of instructions and information to users who will interact with the system

48. Operations documentation _____. a. describes the inputs, outputs, and processing logic for all program modules b. describes a system's functions and how they are implemented c. contains all the information needed for processing and distributing online and printed output d. consists of instructions and information to users who will interact with the system

Contains all the information needed for processing and distributing online and printed output

24. In the given figure, a higher-level module, called a _____, directs lower-level modules. a. library module b. data module c. subordinate module d. control module

Control module

31. _____ describes the degree of interdependence among modules. a. Resolution b. Modularity c. Dynamism d. Coupling

Coupling

36. _____ is the process of reviewing a program code to spot logic errors, which produce incorrect results. a. Desk checking b. Direct cutover examination c. Results walkthrough d. Cohesion assurance

Desk checking

58. _____ involves more risk than other changeover methods. a. Direct cutover b. Pilot operation c. Parallel cutover d. Phased operation

Direct cutover

59. As the accompanying figure illustrates, the _____ approach causes the changeover from the old system to the new system to occur immediately when the new system becomes operational. a. phased operation b. parallel operation c. pilot operation d. direct cutover

Direct cutover

10. Phased operation is more expensive than full parallel operation because the analyst has to work with the entire system at any given time.

False

5. The skill set required to develop documentation usually is the same as that required to develop a system.

False

8. Data conversion is easier when a new system replaces a manual system because all data can be entered manually, unless it must be scanned.

False: Manually entering data is hard and tedious

13. If modules are loosely coupled, one module is linked to internal logic contained in another module.

False:tightly coupled

63. At the end of the systems implementation phase, the final report to management should include _____. a. final versions of all system documentation b. hardware efficiency and platform performance c. adequacy of system controls and security measures d. quality and effectiveness of training

Final versions of all system documentation

21. _____ graphically represent the logical rules and interaction between program modules using a series of symbols connected by arrows. a. Training plans b. Acceptance tests c. Flowcharts d. Simulations

Flowcharts

43. Testing two or more programs that depend on each other is called _____. a. integration testing b. unit testing c. acceptance testing d. system testing

Integration testing

67. Tina also recommends that Lisa test groups of programs that depend on each other to confirm that they work together correctly. What is one of the names of this type of testing? a. Integration testing b. System testing c. Unit testing d. Stub testing

Integration testing

18. _____ requires that a software supplier document all testing and maintain records of test results. a. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) b. Software Engineering Institute (SEI) c. Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) d. Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT)

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

33. A class diagram includes the class _____, which represent the program logic. a. attributes b. events c. methods d. characters

Methods

20. A _____ consists of related program code organized into small units that are easy to understand and maintain. a. node b. stub c. decision tree d. module

Module

35. In _____, two programmers work on the same task on the same computer; one drives while the other navigates. a. pair programming b. multitasking c. dual tasking d. driver programming

Pair programming

60. As the accompanying figure illustrates, the _____ changeover method requires that both the old and the new information systems operate fully for a specific period. a. phased operation b. parallel operation c. pilot operation d. direct cutover

Parallel operation

62. As the accompanying figure illustrates, the _____ changeover method allows the new system to be implemented in stages, or modules. a. phased operation b. parallel operation c. pilot operation d. direct cutover

Phased operation

61. As the accompanying figure illustrates, the _____ changeover method involves implementing the complete new system at a selected location of the company. a. phased operation b. parallel operation c. pilot operation d. direct cutover

Pilot operation

52. A(n) _____ refers to a web-based broadcast that allows a user to download multimedia files to a PC or portable device. a. webinar b. tutorial c. podcast d. data frame

Podcast

50. The environment for the actual system operation is called the _____. a. production environment b. exploratory environment c. functional environment d. globalized environment

Production environment

15. The main objective of _____ is to avoid problems or to identify them as soon as possible. a. direct cutover b. quality assurance c. application development d. cohesion

Quality assurance

32. In sequence, the four steps typically followed to create a structure chart are _____.

Reviewing the data flow diagrams (DFDs); identifying modules and relationships; adding couples, loops, and conditions; and analyzing the structure chart and the data dictionary

53. When developing a training program, which of the following guidelines should be kept in mind? a. Train people individually. b. Select the most effective place to conduct the training. c. Develop a single training program for distinct employee groups. d. Provide only hands-on experience training.

Select the most effective place to conduct the training

55. When training is complete, many organizations conduct a full-scale test, or _____, which is a dress rehearsal for users and IT support staff. a. a parallel operation b. a pre-implementation evaluation c. data conversion d. simulation

Simulation

16. To achieve better, faster, and less expensive methods of software development, _____ designed the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), which improves quality, reduces development time, and cut costs. a. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) b. Software Engineering Institute (SEI) c. Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) d. Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT)

Software Engineering Institute (SEI)

27. In a structure chart, a control couple shows a message, also called a(n) _____, which one module sends to another. a. pilot b. status flag c. open loop d. unit plan

Status flag

23. A _____, such as that illustrated in the given figure, consists of rectangles that represent program modules, with arrows and other symbols that provide additional information. a. flowchart b. data module c. structure chart d. subordinate module

Structure chart

37. Many organizations require a more formal type of desk checking called _____. a. a control module b. integration testing c. a structured walkthrough d. a data couple

Structured walkthrough

41. In a technique called _____, the programmer simulates each program outcome or result and displays a message to indicate whether or not the program executed successfully. a. modular testing b. stub testing c. acceptance testing d. unit testing

Stub testing

66. Lisa mentions that a program is developed to interact with other programs, and she wants to begin by testing the programs individually. Tina tells her about a process in which a programmer simulates each program outcome or result and displays a message to indicate whether or not the program executed successfully. What is the name of this process? a. Integration testing b. System testing c. Link testing d. Stub testing

Stub testing

25. In the given figure, a lower-level module is called a _____. a. library module b. data module c. subordinate module d. control module

Subordinate module

68. In a top-down design, the overall objectives of a system are broken down into _____ in a process called partitioning. a. subsystems b. flags c. modules d. pilot sites

Subsystems & Modules

57. _____ is the process of putting a new information system online and retiring the old system. a. System integration b. Online system documentation c. System override d. System changeover

System changeover

45. After completing integration testing, a systems analyst must perform _____, which involves the entire information system and includes all typical processing situations. a. functional testing b. unit testing c. stub testing d. system testing

System testing

1. Although programmers perform the actual coding, IT managers usually assign systems analysts to work with them as part of a team.

True

11. The post-implementation evaluation of a system verifies that the new system meets specified requirements, complies with user objectives, and produces the anticipated benefits.

True

14. Podcasts can be prescheduled, made available on demand, or delivered as automatic updates.

True

2. Using flowcharts, programmers can break large systems into subsystems that are easier to understand and code.

True

3. Compiling a program using a CASE tool or a language compiler detects syntax errors, which are language grammar errors.

True

6. Effective online documentation is an important productivity tool because it empowers users and reduces the time that IT staff members must spend in providing telephone, e-mail, or face-to-face assistance.

True

9. To minimize the need to require information from two different systems, cyclical information systems usually are converted using the direct cutover method at the beginning of a quarter, calendar year, or fiscal year.

True

39. The objective of _____ is to identify and eliminate execution errors that could cause a program to terminate abnormally, and logic errors that could have been missed during desk checking. a. unit testing b. integration testing c. functional testing d. global testing

Unit testing

51. When there are no system problems to be corrected or authorized enhancements to be made, access to the operational environment is limited to _____ and must strictly be controlled. a. systems analysts b. users c. programmers d. managers

Users