Chapter 11 BIO 110 Connect

The ________ of bases in DNA and RNA is the critical feature that allows for the storage and transmission of information.

Sequence

In order to ensure speed, fidelity, and completeness during DNA replication, nearly all living species a. Produce more than one type of DNA polymerase b. Perform DNA replication using multiple mechanisms c. Couple DNA and RNA synthesis

A

The Meselson and Stahl experiments supported this method of replication. a. Semiconservative b. Conservative c. Dispersive

A

The term used to describe two DNA strands that run in opposite directions from each other it a. Antiparallel b. Polarity c. Directionality

A

Select all of the characteristics of the DNA structure deduced by Watson and Crick. a. A double helical structure b. A sugar phosphate backbone c. Purine bases pair with purine bases d. Nitrogenous bases on the outside

A B

Which of the following statements describe purines but NOT pyrimidines? Select all that apply. a. Include the base guanine b. Have a double-ring structure c. Have a single-ring structure d. Include the base thymine e. Found in RNA f. Include the base adenine

A B F

The following represent steps in the process of DNA replication by telomerase. Arrange them in the right order, with the first step on top. a. Telomerase binds to a DNA repeat sequence b. Telomerase moves six nucleotides to the right sand begins to make another repeat c. Telomerase synthesizes a 6-nucleotide repeat sequence d. Primase makes an RNA primer near end of telomere e. DNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary strand in the 5' to 3' direction

A C B D E

The most important features of DNA replication are? Select all that apply. a. Speed b. Mutation c. Completeness d. Fidelity

A C D

The purine bases are ________ and ________. (no abbreviations)

Adenine and Guanine

The interaction of two strands of DNA via hydrogen bonds results in a structure called the: a. Chromosome b. Double helix c. Genome

B

What DNA enzyme covalently links nucleotides together? a. Gyrase b. Polymerase c. Topoisomerase d. Helicase

B

Select all of the following that are purine bases. a. Uracil b. Guanine c. Adenine d. Cytosine e. Thymine

B C

What are the names of the nucleic acids found in cells? Select all that apply. a. Purines b. DNA c. RNA d. Pyrimidines

B C

The DNA strand the can be copied to produce new DNA strands is called the? Select all that apply a. Synthesis strand b. Template strand c. Daughter strand d. Parental strand

B D

Rank the five levels of structural features of DNA from the most complex at the top to the least complex at the bottom a. Nucleotide b. Genome c. DNA strand d. Double helix e. Chromosome

B E D C A

Energy is generated to covalently connect adjacent molecule by breaking the bond between the a. Third and fourth phosphates in the dNTP b. Second and third phosphates in the dNTP c. First and second phosphates in the dNTP

C

In a DNA double helix, the phosphate groups and sugars a. Project from backbones toward the inside of the helix b. Form hydrogen bonds with each other c. Form the backbones d. Project form the backbones toward the outside of the helix

C

The difference between purine and pyrimidines is that a. Pyrimidines are found in DNA and purines in RNA b. Purines are found in DNA and pyrimidines in RNA c. Purines have a double ring structure and pyrimidines have a single ring structure d. Purines are associated with deoxyribose and pyrimidines are associated with ribose

C

Which of the following is found in DNA and not in RNA? a. Cytosine b. Uracil c. Thymine d. Guanine e. Adenine

C

In order to complete synthesis of the Okaski fragments on the lagging strand, the following must occur. Place these items in the correct order a. The synthesis of DNA in the area where the primers have been removed b. The covalent joining of adjacent fragments of DNA c. The removal of RNA primers

C A B

The components of nucleotides are? Select all that apply a. Protein b. Enzymes c. Nitrogenous base d. Phosphate group e. Sugar

C D E

The pyrimidine bases are ________, ________, and ________. (no abbreviations)

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

Erwin Chargaff showed that a. DNA strands run antiparallel to each other b. DNA had a helical structure c. Proteins can fold into an alpha helix d. The amounts of A/T and C/G are equal

D

Of the following structural features of DNA, which is the largest? a. Nucleotides b. Double helix c. Chromosomes d. Genome e. DNA strand

D

The complete complement of an organism's genetic material is called the: a. Nucleus b. Nucleosome c. Chromosome d. Genome

D

Who determined the double helix structure of DNA using ball-and-stick model and experimental observations by Wilkins and Franklin? a. Meselson and Stahl b. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarthy c. Hershey and Chase d. Watson and Crick

D

Telomerase is made up of which of the following? Select all that apply a. Lipids b. Carbohydrates c. DNA d. Protein e. RNA

D E

The entire genetic material of an organism is termed its ________.

Genome

The ________ of replication is a site within a chromosome where DNA replication begins.

Origin

DNA is a macromolecules composed of monomers called ________.

Nucleotides

During DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized as a series of small fragments call ________ fragments.

Okazaki

The nucleotides in the backbone of the DNA strand are held together by covalent bonds known and ________ bonds.

Phosphodiester

The enzyme DNA ________ covalently links nucleotide to synthesize new DNA strands together during DNA replication.

Polymerase

The enzyme DNA ________ makes a short RNA strand that starts the process of DNA replication

Primase

The presence of the sugar ________ would definitely identify a nucleic acid as RNA.

Ribose

In DNA, adenine normally pairs with ________ and cytosine normally pairs with ________.

Thymine; Guanine

During DNA replication, new strands are synthesized from ________ strands on the origin molecules.

Template

Match the enzymes involved in DNA replication with their function a. Helicase b. Topoisomerase c. Primase d. Polymerase

i. Causes DNA strand separation i. Relieves coiling in DNA strands ahead of the replication fork i. Makes a 10-12 bp complementary primer to the DNA i. Attaches a nucleotide dNMP to the 3' end of the DNA strand

Match the following strands with the type of synthesis. a. Leading strand b. Lagging strand

i. Synthesized continuously i. Synthesized in small fragments that are later connected

Match the proposed model for DNA replication with its appropriate description. a. Semiconservative b. Conservative mechanism c. Dispersive mechanism

i. The two new double-stranded DNA molecules each contains one parental strand and one daughter strand i. One new double-stranded DNA molecule contains two parental strands while the other molecule contains two daughter strands i. The two new double-stranded DNA molecules each contains segments of parental and daughter DNA interspersed in both strands