Chapter 11-- Classical Symphony

Three parts of single melody form of sonata:

(optional intro) exposition development recapitulation (coda)

Classical era time period

1750-1800

theme and variation form

A A1 A2 A3 A4 etc (tho not usually written in letter form)

minuet and trio form (for individual movement, often the third movement in a four movement work)

A(minuet)-B(trio)-A(minuet)

What important political events occurred during the classical era?

American Revolution, French Revolution

In what ways did Beethoven relate to the classical style?

Beethoven wrote some of his early works in the classical style. Beethoven was a transitional composer between the classical and romantic styles.

Who was one of the leading composers in the German sensitive style?

Carl Bach

Two of most important rococo composers were

Couperin and Rameau

Which two figures were the most important French rococo composers?

Couperin and Rameau

True or false: Mozart wrote primarily, and is known for, his instrumental works.

Falso!

Which one of the following sequences correctly represents the typical sequence of events in the exposition of a classical-era sonata form?

First theme- bridge- second theme-closing section (codetta) -repeat from beginning

How did the French Revolution begin?

French citizens stormed the Bastille in july of 1789.

The style that foreshadowed the classical period in _________ and _____________ was known as Empfindsamkeit, or _______________ _______________.

Germany, Austria; sensitive style (more minimalistic)

Father of Symphony and string quartet

Haydn

What happened during Mozart's final years?

His final Singspiel (opera with dialogue), The Magic Flute (1791), included several references to Freemasonry.

What are features of the minuet and trio form?

It was adapted into scherzo and trio form, especially by Beethoven. It is a section presented in ternary format. Typically is third movement of four-movement sonata.

Why was the style of art in the 18th century called classical?

It was inspired by the balanced forms of ancient greek and roman art

Why is Franz Haydn's symphony no. 94 in G major called the "surprise" symphony?

Its surprise is a sudden loud chord in the midst of a very soft passage.

Who helped standardize classical orchestra?

Johann Stamitz

Pope Gregory: Gregorian Chant:: __________________: Mozart's works

Kochel

What aspects identify music from the classical period, in contrast to music from the baroque period?

Texture in classical music tends to be homophonic rather than polyphonic. Classical music features sections with clear divisions instead of continuous movement. Classical music discontinued the use of basso continuo.

What aspect is integral to the recapitulation section in sonata form?

The bridge between the first and second themes does not modulate, and the second theme is in the tonic key.

Which statements describe the orchestra of the classical period?

The clarinet began to be used It used string, wind, brass, and percussion instruments.

Which statements describe the sonata genre in the classical period?

The classical sonata is a type of instrumental composition. The classical sonata consists of three or four movements.

Which statements describe the sonata form?

The first movement of multi-movement compositions is in sonata form a vast majority of the time. In sonata form, the contrasting melodic ideas are also referred to as themes. Sonata form may be quickly summarized as consisting of statement, manipulation, and restatement.

What elements are found in the development section of sonata form?

The process of modulation The use of motives, which are based on the original themes

Which statements describe the theme and variation form?

Theme and variation are frequently found in the second movement of multi-movement compositions. Theme and variations state a theme, then follow it with music that maintains some elements of the theme while changing others. Theme and variations may exist as one movement of a multi-movement composition, or as an independent composition.

What is the tempo of the second movement of Haydn's symphony no. 94?

andante

In order to indicate meter and tempo, a conductor will often use a stick, called a _________.

baton

Themes in a sonata are connected by a

bridge

sensitive style turned into...

classicism or neoclassicism

What did Diderot do?

composed first encyclopedia

rococo

elegance, delicacy, softness, playfulness, great decoration

macoroni

french style (powdered wigs, overcoats)

modulation is...

frequent changing of tonal centers

The new "classical" style was essentially more ________________ rather than ___________.

homophonic; polyphonic.

Which descriptions apply to the third movement of Mozart's symphony No. 40 in g minor, k 550?

minuet and trio form, allegretto tempo

subpart of theme

motive

Which section of sonata often features a full coda?

recapitulation

What did Beethoven develop to replace minuet?

scherzo (faster, more lighthearted)

The recapitulation is a restatement of exposition, but the ___________ _____________ appears at the pitch level of the home key, rather than in a contrasting key, as it did in the exposition.

second theme

Which categories are correct for Mozart's purely instrumental compostions?

seventeeen piano sonatas forty-one symphonies over twenty five concertos

What are some purposes of lsow movements in multi-movement compositions?

slow movements can be beautifully expressive can provide opportunities for performer to add creative embellishments and can provide contrast to movements with faster tempos

Which is a likely order for the forms in a 4 movement sonata plan?

sonata form theme and variations form minuet and trio form rondo form

Which is the most likely sequence of forms in the movements in a three-movement sonata plan?

sonata form theme and variations form rondo form

What is the form of the second movement of Haydn's Symphony no 94 (Surprise)

theme and variation

How many themes are typically introduced in the exposition of sonata form?

two