CHAPTER 11: PERSONALITY

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develops? A. Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt B. Industry vs. Inferiority C. Integrity vs. Despair D. Trust vs. Mistrust

A. Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt

Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development? A. Climate of sexual repression. B. First wave feminism. C. Government censorship. D. Widespread anti-Semitism.

A. Climate of sexual repression.

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory? A. Advocation for analytical psychology. B. Suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality. C. The idea that men have womb envy. D. The theory that our personality develops in psychosocial stages.

B. Suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality.

Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has __________. A. a dependent personality B. an external locus of control C. an internal locus of control D. low self-efficacy

B. an external locus of control

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism? A. Emotions are cognitive processes with behavioral antecedents. B. How we cope with anxiety reflects our personality. C. Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other. D. Our defense mechanisms are formed in childhood.

C. Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning? A. An individual's behavior is determined by the environment. B. Cognitive processes depend on imitation. C. Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate. D. The environment determines which personal factors a person chooses to observe.

C. Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate.

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective in personality? A. Personality is formed solely in childhood. B. Personality is significantly shaped by the biology of the organism. C. Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism. D. Personality theory should be based on social health.

C. Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality? A. They are feminist. B. They are multicultural. C. They can be scientifically tested. D. They use animal research.

C. They can be scientifically tested.

Which question was central to the marshmallow test? A. Do you think you could accomplish great things even when the fates are against you? B. Is your life more like a marshmallow or more like a rock? C. Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later? D. Would you make the same decisions your parent would make?

C. Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A. An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan. B. An individual's personality is determined in childhood. C. Individuals are either introverts or extroverts. D. The Electra complex caused women to be neurotic.

A. An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization? A. Ability of the extrovert to become an introvert in the second half of life. B. Ability of the introvert to become an extrovert in the second half of life. C. Balance between extroversion and introversion. D. Moving past the archetypes of the collective unconscious.

C. Balance between extroversion and introversion.

Which of the following is not something the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common? A. Both theories are humanistic. B. Both theories focus on individual choices. C. Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy. D. Both theories reject biological determinism.

C. Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy.

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has __________. A. an external locus on control B. an internal locus of control C. good self-regulation D. poor self-regulation

B. an internal locus of control

Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: __________. A. Archetypes and personas B. Beliefs and expectations C. Defense mechanisms and coping strategies D. Myths, legends, and stories

B. Beliefs and expectations

The __________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles. A. Julian Rotter B. Rorschach C. TAT D. TEMAS

B. Rorschach