Chapter 11 - QM week 8

Quality control (QC)

"monitoring specific results to determine whether they comply with relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory results Tests whether specific project deliverables meet their quality standards Includes inspection of inputs, activities, deliverables, and a reporting system

Quality assurance (QA)

"the application of planned, systematic quality activities to ensure that the project will employ all processes needed to meet requirements; one way to simultaneously improve quality and manage stakeholder relationships

Outcomes of QC

Acceptance decisions, rework, process adjustments

QA Techniques

Benchmarking - generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside of the organisation itself. Quality Audit - is a structured review of specific quality management activities that helps identify lessons learned, which could improve performance on current or future projects. Process Analysis - lean, cause and effect diagrams.

7 tools of Quality

Cause-and-effect diagram, Control Chart, Run Charts, Scatter diagram, Histograms, Pareto diagrams, Flow charts

Project Dashboard

Chart to keep track of metrics, a graphical screen summarizing key project metrics

Quality

Conformance to requirements means that the project's processes and products meet written specifications Fitness for use means that a product can be used as it was intended

Quality planning

Identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project. How best to satisfy those standards Involves designing quality into the products and services of the project. Processes involved in managing the project. Describe important factors that directly contribute to meeting customer requirements.

Methods of QA

Two primary methods of quality assurance include the quality audit and process improvement

Flow charts (1/7 tools of quality)

are graphical displays of the logic and flow of process that help to analyse problems occur and how the processes can be improved.

Process adjustments (1/3 Outcomes of QC)

correct or prevent further quality problems. Based on the implementation of quality-control measurements, process adjustments often results in updates to the quality baseline, organisational process assets and the PMP.

Acceptance decisions (1/3 Outcomes of QC)

determine if the products or service s produced as part of the project will be accepted (validated deliverables) or rejects (rework).

Run Charts (1/7 tools of quality)

displays the history and pattern of variation of a process over time. It is a line chart that shows data points plotted in the order in which they occur.

Benchmarking

generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside of the organisation itself.

Control Chart (1/7 tools of quality)

graphical display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

Scatter diagram (1/7 tools of quality)

helps shows relationship between two variables.

Cause-and-effect diagram (1/7 tools of quality)

helps to find out the root cause of quality problems.

Project quality management

includes the processes and activities of the performing organisation that determine quality policies, objectives, and responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken plan, perform, and control

Histograms (1/7 tools of quality)

is a bar graph of a distribution of variables. Each bar chart represents an attribute or a characteristics of a problem or situation, and the height of the bar represents its frequency.

Pareto diagrams (1/7 tools of quality)

is a histogram that helps you identify and prioritize problem areas. It helps to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system.

Quality Audit

is a structured review of specific quality management activities that helps identify lessons learned, which could improve performance on current or future projects.

Rework (1/3 Outcomes of QC)

is action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations.

A quality audit

is used to determine what methods are being used and whether the are effective Identify all good and best practises being implemented Identify all nonconformity, gaps and short comings Share good practices introduced or implemented in similar projects in the organisation and/or industry Proactively offer assistance in a positive manner to improve implementation of processes to help the team raise productivity Highlight contributions of each audit in the lessons learned repository of the organisation

Process improvement

is used to improve both quality and productivity

Process Analysis

lean, cause and effect diagrams.

Quality metric

measure their performance in certain areas and to compare them over time or with other organizations. Examples of common metrics used by organizations include failure rates of products produced, availability of goods and services, and customer satisfaction ratings

Quality checklist

verify that a set of required topics or steps has been covered or performed A single project can have many different checklists, such as for: Interviewing project team members Selecting suppliers Reviewing important documents Ensuring a room is ready for training