Chapter 11 Test 3

50) Which contains more atoms? A) 1 kg of hydrogen B) 1 kg of iron C) both contain the same

A) 1 kg of hydrogen

1) Which of these investigators did NOT contribute to our knowledge of atoms? A) Aristotle B) John Dalton C) Robert Brown D) Albert Einstein

A) Aristotle

58) Which of the following is NOT a compound? A) air B) ammonia C) water D) salt E) all are compounds

A) air

15) The element gold contains A) gold atoms. B) atoms that combine to produce gold. C) gold atoms plus various slightly lighter and heavier atoms. D) none of the above

A) gold atoms.

36) A pair of hydrogen nuclei fused together produces A) helium. B) lithium. C) beryllium. D) carbon. E) iron.

A) helium.

10) Compared to the volume of a kilogram of feathers, the volume of a kilogram of lead is A) less. B) more. C) the same.

A) less.

40) If a nitrogen atom and a slightly heavier oxygen atom have equal kinetic energies, which has the greater average speed? A) nitrogen B) oxygen C) both the same D) need more information

A) nitrogen

23) Atomic number refers to the number of A) protons in the nucleus. B) neutrons in the nucleus. C) nucleons in the nucleus.

A) protons in the nucleus.

19) An element is distinct because of its number of A) protons. B) neutrons. C) electrons. D) the total mass of all the particles. E) none of the above

A) protons.

28) The mass of matter is due mostly to its A) protons. B) electrons. C) both of these

A) protons.

41) Heavier atoms are not proportionally larger than lighter atoms due to the greater number of protons A) pulling surrounding electrons into tighter shells. B) squeezed into tighter spaces. C) both of these D) none of these

A) pulling surrounding electrons into tighter shells.

64) When oxygen and hydrogen gases combine, the result is A) water. B) methane. C) a noble gas.

A) water.

67) How many atoms are in this carbohydrate molecule, C6H12O6? A) 3. B) 14. C) 18. D) 24. E) none of the above

Answer: D

44) How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when an electric current is in it? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) none of the above

B) 2

70) If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter, the amount of mass to survive is A) 1 gram. B) 999 grams. C) 1 kilogram. D) 1.1 kilogram.

B) 999 grams.

26) Which of the following is an inert gas? A) Hydrogen B) Helium. C) Carbon D) Oxygen

B) Helium.

33) Two protons removed from an oxygen nucleus result in A) nitrogen. B) carbon. C) helium. D) neon. E) positively charged oxygen.

B) carbon.

47) Heavy atoms are not appreciably larger in size than light atoms because the nuclei of heavy atoms have more A) mass. B) electric charge. C) nucleons. D) all of the above E) none of the above

B) electric charge.

18) Which is the lightest particle? A) proton B) electron C) neutron D) all about the same

B) electron

29) The volume of matter is due mostly to its A) protons. B) electrons. C) both of these

B) electrons.

42) The chemical properties of matter are due mostly to their A) protons. B) electrons. C) neutrons.

B) electrons.

51) An isotope is simply an atom that A) is electrically charged. B) has different numbers of neutrons for the same element. C) both of these D) neither of these

B) has different numbers of neutrons for the same element.

49) The electrical force is stronger between the nucleus and an inner electron for atoms of A) low atomic number. B) high atomic number. C) both of these D) neither of these

B) high atomic number.

9) Compared to the density of a kilogram of feathers, the density of a kilogram of lead is A) less. B) more. C) the same.

B) more.

6) A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are A) in perpetual motion. B) mostly empty space themselves. C) held together by electrical forces. D) not as close together as they could be. E) invisible.

B) mostly empty space themselves.

17) Which of the following are electrically neutral? A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) ions E) none of the above

B) neutrons

45) A uranium atom is 238 times as massive as a hydrogen atom. Compared with the diameter of a hydrogen atom, uranium's size is A) slightly smaller. B) only slightly larger. C) is much larger, but less than 238 times as large.

B) only slightly larger.

39) If a nitrogen atom and a slightly heavier oxygen atom have equal average speeds, which has the greater kinetic energy? A) nitrogen B) oxygen C) both the same D) need more information

B) oxygen

63) When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is A) absorbed by the reaction. B) released by the reaction. C) not involved.

B) released by the reaction.

46) Compared to the average size of a hydrogen atom, the average size of a helium atom is A) larger. B) smaller. C) about the same.

B) smaller.

16) Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by A) photosynthesis. B) thermonuclear fusion. C) radiant energy conversion. D) radioactivity. E) none of the above

B) thermonuclear fusion.

65) How many different kinds of elements are in a water molecule? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) none

B) two

52) An ion and an isotope are A) very much one and the same B) very unlike C) opposites.

B) very unlike

43) Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is A) 8 times as great. B) 12 times as great. C) 16 times as great. D) appreciably more than 16 times as great.

C) 16 times as great.

2) Brownian motion is caused by A) thermal agitation. B) perpetual motion. C) particles larger than atoms bumping into them. D) interactions between atoms and molecules. E) almost invisible bugs.

C) Particals larger than atoms bumping into them

4) Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were manufactured in A) the mother's womb. B) the food the mother eats before delivery. C) ancient stars. D) the Earth. E) none of the above

C) ancient stars.

68) If an astronaut landed on a planet composed of antimatter, there would be an explosion and the A) planet would annihilate. B) astronaut would annihilate. C) astronaut and an equal amount of planet antimatter would both annihilate.

C) astronaut and an equal amount of planet antimatter would both annihilate

37) A pair of helium nuclei fused together produces A) helium isotope. B) lithium. C) beryllium. D) carbon. E) iron.

C) beryllium.

55) A nucleon has a mass of about A) 1 amu. B) 1 atomic mass unit. C) both are the same. D) none of the above

C) both are the same. 1 amu. 1 atomic mass unit.

13) Atoms can be photographed by A) electron beams. B) scanning electron microscopes. C) both of these D) neither of these

C) both of these electron beams. scanning electron microscopes

11) The difficulty of taking a photograph of an atom with light is A) unwanted diffraction. B) that atoms are smaller than wavelengths of light. C) both of these D) neither of these

C) both of these unwanted diffraction. that atoms are smaller than wavelengths of light.

8) Which has the greater density? A) a cup-full of fresh water B) a lake-full of fresh water C) both the same D) need more information

C) both the same

30) Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? A) gold B) mercury C) lead D) silver

C) lead

25) Which of the following is a gas? A) lithium B) carbon C) neon D) sodium

C) neon

34) Two protons added to an oxygen nucleus produce A) heavy oxygen. B) fluorine. C) neon. D) sodium. E) nitrogen.

C) neon.

54) Mass number refers to the number of A) protons in the nucleus. B) neutrons in the nucleus. C) nucleons in the nucleus.

C) nucleons in the nucleus.

24) The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of A) electron shells that surround the nucleus. B) neutrons in the nucleus. C) orbital electrons. D) none of the above

C) orbital electrons.

69) In our part of the universe, antimatter is A) non-existent. B) plentiful. C) short-lived. D) long-lived.

C) short-lived.

12) If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would A) be able to see individual atoms. B) be able to photograph individual atoms, even though we couldn't see them. C) still not be able to see or photograph an atom.

C) still not be able to see or photograph an atom.

5) Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are A) newer. B) actually older. C) the same age.

C) the same age.

48) Compared to the diameter of a zirconium atom (A = 40), the diameter of a mercury atom (A = is approximately A) four times as large. B) twice as large. C) the same size. D) one-half as large. E) one-quarter as large.

C) the same size.

66) What is the total number of individual atoms in a water molecule? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) none

C) three

56) What is the molecular mass of a water molecule? A) 10 amu B) 12 amu C) 15 amu D) 18 amu E) none of the above

D) 18 amu

53) An atomic mass unit (amu) is 1/12 the mass of A) an electron. B) a proton. C) a hydrogen atom. D) a carbon atom. E) a uranium atom.

D) a carbon atom.

14) An atomic model of the atom is A) a symbolic representation of the atom. B) a stepping stone to further understanding. C) an abstraction enabling predictions. D) all of the above

D) all of the above a symbolic representation of the atom. a stepping stone to further understanding. an abstraction enabling predictions.

61) A molecule has A) mass. B) structure. C) energy. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D) all of the above mass. structure. energy.

57) The air in this room has A) mass. B) weight. C) energy. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D) all of the above mass. weight. energy.

22) A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is A) a friction force. B) a nuclear force. C) a gravitational force. D) an electrical force. E) none of the above

D) an electrical force.

60) Which of the following statements is true? A) a molecule is the smallest existing particle B) chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules C) molecules form atoms that determine chemical properties of a substance D) molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retain a substance's chemical properties E) none of the above

D) molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retain a substance's chemical properties

35) To change mercury into gold, a pair of protons must be A) removed from the mercury nucleus. B) added to the mercury nucleus. C) either of these D) neither of these

D) neither of these

21) Although solid matter is mostly empty space, we don't fall through the floor because A) atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero. B) of nuclear forces. C) of gravitational forces. D) of electrical forces. E) none of the above

D) of electrical forces.

3) What did Robert Brown see in his microscope? A) straight-line motion B) circular motions C) parabolic motions D) random motions

D) random motions

7) There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of A) a large auditorium. B) a large city. C) the United States. D) the whole world. E) none of the above

D) the whole world.

27) Which of the following elements has the most mass? A) hydrogen B) iron C) lead D) uranium E) all have the same mass

D) uranium

38) One neutron added to a helium nucleus results in A) hydrogen. B) boron. C) lithium. D) beryllium. E) helium.

E) helium.

59) Which of the following is NOT a mixture? A) granite B) cake C) air D) beach sand E) none of the above

E) none of the above

20) Which is the smallest particle? A) molecule B) atom C) proton D) neutron E) quark

E) quark

62) Compared to the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, the amount of energy released when they recombine is A) slightly more. B) slightly less. C) much more. D) much less. E) the same.

E) the same.

31) Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus? A) helium B) carbon C) iron D) gold E) uranium

E) uranium

32) Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? A) helium B) carbon C) iron D) gold E) uranium

E) uranium