Chapter 12 Reformation
List in chronological order by date the main legal decisions and treaties that contributed to the spread of Protestantism?
1534: Act of Supremacy 1555: Peace of Ausburg 1598: Edict of Nantes 1648: Peace of Westphalia
When were the Council of Trent held?
1545-1563
Who was at the Council of Trent?
3 popes, Catholic officials and lutherqnw
What was the list called?What was the list about?
95 Thesis and it was 95 protest against the Catholic Church
95 Theses
95 notes that said mean things about the catholic church-people read that and believed that it was true and were going to do something about it.
what kind of Government did protestants approve
A civic participation
Counter-Reformation
A movement to strengthen the teachings and structure of the Catholic Church
Council of Trent
A series of meetings by Pope Paul II to revive moral authority in the Catholic Church and to stop Protestantism
Why did the kidnapper take him?
Because he wanted to protect him.
How did the use of printing press affect the reformation?
Because of the printing press more copies were made and could be made faster and cheaper.
Why did john Calvin believe that people should lead god fearing lives?
Calvin supported the idea of prestsentian the idea that God alone who could determine who gain salvation
During the Counter-Reformation, how did the Catholic Church gain more respect?
Catholic reformers helped the poor, taught, doctrine, and led spiritual lives
6 What caused the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
Catholics fears of a Huguenot king helped cause the massacre
What caused the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
Catholics fears of a Huguenot king helped cause the massacre
How long was the main character missing?
For 3 months.
Hugenots
French protestants
Who him kidnapped? Was he a friend or foe?
Friend, Frederick the Wise
Into what languages was the Bible translated during the early 1500's?
German
Where did the story Kidnapped take place?
Germany
According to predestination doctrine, who decides whether a person will be saved?
God alone
7 List the 3 areas of European society strongly affected by the Reformation.
Government, economics, education
List the 3 areas of European society strongly affected by the Reformation.
Government, economics, education
Who did the main character act as while he was missing?
He acted as Junker Jorg or Knight George
8 How did Henry of Navarre end civil war in France?
He became Catholic to overcome resistance to his rule
How did Henry of Navarre end civil war in France?
He became Catholic to overcome resistance to his rule
What did he do to get questioned?
He criticized the church by putting a list on the door.
Why did the sale of indulgences angered Luther?
He didn't believe that salvation should be given freely by God. He reasoned that if people could by indulgences, they might think that they could buy God's forgiveness.
What did he think he had just barely escaped?
He escaped being burned at the stake.
What happened to him on his way home from the meeting with officials?
He got kidnapped because his friend went with him to the carriage and he sent knights to get him.
What initially happened to him when questioned?
He was almost killed but then he got away.
What evidence convinced Luther that the catholic church needed to be reformed?
He was shocked by the corruption of the roman clergy and the selling of indulgences.
What did he do that the officials wanted to talk to him about?
He went to Worms to talk about the diet.
How did Luther express his conflict with the church ? who did luther respond to these action?
He wrote the 95 thesis and so the church came after him but his friend took him to his castle in the night.
What did the main character do while he was kidnapped to pass the time?
He wrote.
What do you think Luther meant by saying, "My pen gets irritated easily"?
I get angry easily over simple things
Why did Ignatius decide to lead a religious life?
Ignatius became inspired by reading about Jesus and the saints
How did Ignatius of Loyola use his military experience with the Jesuits?
Ignatius of Loyola organized the Society of Jesus like a disciplined military troop
Did the Council's actions tend to decrease or increase conflict and why?
It increased conflict because the Inquisition tortured suspects and executed convicted heretics
What was one of the most influential of the new Catholic religious orders founded during the Counter Reformation?
Jesuits
How did the Jesuits help end some of the corruption of the Catholic Church?
Jesuits trained priests better
What non Christian groups suffered harsh discrimination during the Counter Revolution?
Jews
Who else suffered during this time and were restricted to live and work in ghettos?
Jews
Who spread Luther's Protestant ideas?
John Calvin
Who was the story about? What was his job?
Martin Luther and he was a monk.
4 How did the Thirty Years' War strengthen the monarchy?
Monarchs gained the power to choose religion for their states
How did the Thirty Years' War strengthen the monarchy?
Monarchs gained the power to choose religion for their states
Where did Lutheranism spread?
Northern Germany Sweden Denmark Norway and Poland
3 Why did Philip II send and army to attack England?
Philip wanted to punish Elizabeth I for aiding Dutch rebels and force England back to Catholicism
Why did Philip II send and army to attack England?
Philip wanted to punish Elizabeth I for aiding Dutch rebels and force England back to Catholicism
How was the Thirty Years' War resolved?
Protestant and Catholic forces signed the Peace of Westphalia
Who was not tolerant of each other?
Protestant and Catholics
Ghetto
Separate section of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live
Why did the Catholic church start its own reform?
Strengthen the teaching and structure of the Catholic Church
Where did Calvinism spread?
Switzerland Scotland and the Netherlands
How did the Council of Trent attempt to stop the loss of church members to Protestantism?
The Council of Trent confirmed the doctrines of the Catholic Church and reformed Catholic practices
How did the religious views of the Council of Trent differ from those of Martin Luther?
The Council of Trent stated that the Bible was not the only source of truth and that faith alone will not bring salvation
What did the main characters works help advance?
The German language because he translated the bible into German.
How did the Inquisition attempt to stop the spread of Protestantism?
The Inquisition tried suspected heretics and executed those found guilty
How did Calvin's ideas spread to Protestants in many places?
The Institute of Christian Religion became the foundation of Protestant faith
What was the institute of the Christian religion?
The basic ideas of protestant faith.
How did the establishment of a theocracy relate to Calvin's goal of founding "a city of God"?
The city of God is ruled by a theocracy and theocracy means a religious ruler
Who questioned the character in this story? How long did they question him?
The emperor and the church questioned him.
2 How did Henry VIII come into conflict with the pope?
The pope refused to annul Henry VIII's marriage
How did Henry VIII come into conflict with the pope?
The pope refused to annul Henry VIII's marriage
In what ways were the idea of Luther and calvin similar?
They both believed in the idea protestant. He also was thought that the Church should be reformed and taught others of his own thoughts and ideas.
What is the motto of the Society of Jesus?
To the Greater Glory of God
Where were the Council of Trent held?
Trent, Italy
Where did the kidnappers take him?
Wartburg Castle
Who translated the Bible into English? 2 people
William Tyndale John Wycliffe
Martin Luther
a German monk - an important reformation leader- created the 95 Theses translated the Bible into German
The Diet at Worms
a city that had a huge event take place -where Martin was questioned and he answered them so well he was let go
federalism
a form of government in which power is shared between local and national government
Indulgence
a kind of cancellation of punishment for sins that had been confessed and forgiven by God
indulgence
a kind of cancellation of punishment for sins that had been confessed and forgiven by God
John Calvin
a man who believed similar to Martin Luther -supported Martin Luther's idea.
William Tyndale
a man who wrote the Bible in english - we could now read the Bible and have cultural diffusion
Indulgences
a method that if you gave money to the pope he would let all your sins be forgiven- if you were rich then you could do whatever and still go to heaven by bribery.
ghetto
a place where Jews in Venice were restricted to live and work
Reformation
a religious movement that gained momentum in the 1500's with the aim to reform the Catholic Church
Frederick the Wise
an important religious governor-protected Luther from the church
edict
an official public order made by the king or another authority
Why would it be a problem for bishops to live far away from the churches they were in control of?
because they would often neglected there duty.
heresy
beliefs that clashed with the church's teachings
The Council's Index of Forbidden Books
censored what could be published and read
According to the Council of Trent, what 3 things did Christians need for salvation?
faith good work and receiving sacraments
armada
fleet of ships
what do some scholar believe that protestant ideas started
free market and capitalism
What motivated Luther to become a monk?
has a young man he survived a thunderstorm and vowed if he lived he would become a monk and he did survive
What was Henry VIII's initial reaction to the Reformation?
he passed a law that made a monarch the leader of the church
What reason did Luther give for refusing to recant his statements?
he would just make this Tyranny stronger.
3 contributions of Jesuits
helped end some corruptions of Catholics, improved education, advised kings and popes
How did Luther's clothes compare to the clothes the Church authorities wore?
hes cloths are like a simple robe and there cloths are like a king
What did people in the inquisitions wear?
hoods
What details showed that Catholic leaders had become worldly?
increasingly involved in politics, they seemed more concern with secular matters than with saving souls
Matteo Ricci
introduced Christianity to China in 1580s
what was the thirty year war
it was a war where king Philip fought against Spain and England to spread Catholicism
Act of Supremacy
making a monarch the leader of a church in England
annulment
official action cancelling a marriage
Recant
redraw his words
recant
redraw his words
What caused people to fear witches?
religious anziety
Why did Teresa of Avila start her own convent?
she thought convent life wasn't strict enough
Why do you think the pope insisted on having the Council of Trent in a Catholic country?
so most of the churches idea's would be excepted
Sect
subgroup of a major religious group
sect
subgroup of a major religious group
What did Johannes Althusius think about the government
that a city should be free to rule itself
Jesuits
the Society of Jesus
isolation
the condition of being alone
Predestination
the idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation
predestination
the idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation
Counter Reformation
the movement to strengthen the teachings and structure of the Catholic church
What Renaissance invention helped spread the 95 Theses
the printing press
The Reformation
the time when people believed that the church needed to change -without the reformation we wouldn't have other types of Christianity
How do you think poor people responded to Luther's ideas?
they liked they idea of the church changing because they could go to heaven with out pay
What actions did the Council of Trent take to reform Catholic practices?
they used the inquisitions
What was the inquisition's purpose?
to combat heresy
Why was the Catholic Church trying to raise a lot of money?
to construct St. Peter Basilica as well as a rich life style for the pope.
Why was the Council of Trent held?
to define and clarify certain beliefs and rituals of he Catholic Church
Why did Pope Paul III call the Council of Trent?
to think of ways revive moral authority
What were changes happening in Germany at the time of Martin Luther's birth?
uneven prosperity and change in Germany
Wartburg Castle
was owned by Frederick the Wise- hid Martin Luther who changed the world himself
What past experience helped Ignatius of Loyola organize the Jesuits?
while injured we read about the life of Jesus and and the saints.
even though the council of Trent rejected Luther's view was still consider a source of truth
yes
