Chapter 12 Test Biology

Explain the process involve in protein synthesis. Briefly describe the key elements of each process.

Transcription - rewriting the DNA in the language of RNA. mRNA joins the ribosomes - mRNA is read 3 codons at a time by the ribosome and begin with AUG (promoter) ends with a stop codon (UGA, UAA, UAG) tRNA brings in the amino acids - in the P site, the amino acids form a peptide bond to create a polypeptide chain.

Translation of the DNA sequence AAGCTGGGA would MOST directly result in

a sequence of three amino acids, linked by peptide bonds

a __________ is a segment of a chromosome that odes for a specific protein

gene

The two strands of a double-helix model of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between

nitrogeneous bases

Nucleotides are comprised of ________, _________, & ______________

sugar, phosphate, and a base

What sequence of processes correctly reflects the central dogma?

transcription, translation, protein synthesis

DNA is a structurally simpler molecule that proteins

true

The enzymes involved in DNA replication are named for the tasks they perform

true

Similar enzymes interact with the leading and lagging strands in DNA replication. Enzymes involved with the RNA primer are more active on the lagging strand, as is the enzyme _______.

DNA ligase

Similar enzymes interact with the leading and lagging strands in DNA replication. Enzymes involved with the RNA primer are more active on the lagging strand, as is the enzyme _____________.

DNA ligase

The "recipe" for constructing each enzyme is located within the

DNA molecule

During DNA replication, single-stranded binding proteins associate with DNA after the ________ enzyme has acted on the DNA

Helicase

What is Chargaff's rule?

In DNA, the amount of purines will equal the amount of pyrimidines.

A DNA molecule has the sequence GCATCCGA. What is the mRNA sequence resulting for this DNA code?

CGUAGGCU

Which enzyme is used SPECIFICALLY for RNA transcription from DNA in the nucleus of a cell?

RNA polymerase

Which enzyme is used specifically for RNA transcription from DNA in the nucleus of the cell?

RNA polymerase

In the early 20th century, some scientists were reluctant to accept the conclusion that DNA could be the genetic material because it is so __________.

Simple

True or Falsee - DNA nucleotides are always added to an existing strand at the 3-prime end. This means that during replication a leading and lagging strand are created.

True

A particular sequence of parent DNA has four purine bases and two pyrimidine bases. According to base-pairing rules, which of the following sequences would be formed during replication

Two cytosine, two adenine, two thymine

Which series is arranged in order from largest to smallest in size?

cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, molecule

The central dogma of molecular biology is centered upon the process of protein synthesis, in which information from DNA is transcribed and translated, resulting in multiple amino acids being joined to form __________.

proteins

Name the purines and pyrimidines.

purines: adenine and guanine pyrimidines: thymine, cytosine, and uracil

after transpcription takes place, the DNA molecule

reassociates to form it's origional structure

Genetic information in a DNA molecule is coded in the

sequence of nucleotides