Chapter 13

Daniel Webster

A senator from Massachusetts who gave a famous speech in the Senate on March 7th in favor of the Compromise of 1850.

Harriet Tubman

A slave who escaped to become the most famous "conductor" of the Underground Railroad.

conscience whigs

apposed slavery. did not like Zachary Taylor and quit the Whig party to go join in the Free-Soil Party.

"Seventh of March

by Daniel Webster, was neither for or against slavery

Freeport Doctrine

was Stephen Douglas's doctrine that, in spite of the Dred Scott decision, slavery could be excluded from territories of the United States by local legislation

Mark 3:25

"A house divided against itself cannot stand" Used in one of Lincolns famous speeches.

Henry Clay

"The Great Compromiser" Developed the American System, Compromise of 1833, the Missouri Compromise, and the Compromise of 1850

Know-Nothing Party

"The American Party". formed out of hatred toward German and Irish immigrants. 2 secret fraternal societies merged from the party. was called the "know nothing" party bc when asked political questions, they said "i known nothing"

Secession

*the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.* Pertaining to the south wanting to separate from the Union.

Identify four reasons for conflict between the North and the South.

1.) slavery 2.) constitutional disputes 3.) economic differences 4.) political blunders and extremism

Roger Taney

Southern Democrat and Chief Justice who presided over the Dred Scott v. Stanford Case (1857).

To which politicians is Clay directing the last line of the excerpt?

Southerners who were threatening to secede

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 were a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for the United States Senate from Illinois, and incumbent Senator Stephen Douglas, the Democratic Party candidate

George Fitzhugh

The boldest and best known pro-slavery authors who questioned the principle of equal rights for "unequal men." Sociology for the South(1854) Cannibals All! (1857)

Fort Sumter

The confederates refused to let Fort Sumter to be resupplied. The bombing of Fort Sumter and Lincoln calling for troops caused the Upper South to secede. Started the Civil War

Northerners were most upset by the Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision because

The decision allowed slaveryin the territories

election of 1860

The democrats split into northern and southern democrats. Lincoln is elected president. Secession begins bc of the election of Lincoln. the John Crittenden proposed a series of amendments to bring reconciliation, but it was too late

Describe the free-labor ideology and the southern response to it.

The idea in the north that anyone could improve their social status based on hard work. The South did not believe in this institution. They realized that slavery and free labor could not co-exist.

Henry David Thoreau

Transcendentalist author of /Walden/. Titled John Brown "The Avenging Angel".

Zachary Taylor

War hero in the Mexican War, and President who was strongly supported by the Whigs.

New England emigrant aid company

Was a transportation company in Boston that transported immigrants to the Kansas territory to shift the balance of power so Kansas would enter the United states as a free state

House divided speech

Was an address given by Lincoln saying that if we could not come together to solve are differences that the United states would no longer exist

Calhoun Resolutions

a reaction to the Wilmot Proviso. Slave owners had the same constitutional protection of their property in the new territories as they had in their own states. Extension of the old Missouri Compromise of 36 30 to the Pacific.

Fugitive Slave Law

added to the compromise of 1850 by Henry Clay to pacify slaveowners. allowed slave owners to cross into free states to capture runaway slaves. was made a law at the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Led to the creation of the Underground Railroad. Southerners became bitter towards the north bc they refused to enforce it.

Crittenden compromise

aimed to resolve the U.S. secession crisis of 1860-1861 by addressing the grievances that led the slave states of the United States to contemplate secession from the United States.

Examine the controversy involving the Kansas-Nebraska Act. What were the issues involved and how were they resolved?

Stephen Douglas introduced the act to win support from the South to get a transcontinental railroad built through his state. The act proposed that each territory would use popular sovereignty to decide the slave issue. It brought Abraham Lincoln out of retirement, promoted slavery, and destroyed the Whig Party which led to the formation of the Republican Party.

Popular Sovereignty

The people had the right to establish the state as pro-slavery or free-state.

Salmon P. Chase

Lincoln's Secretary of Treasury; impeached as a chief justice.

Which of the following acts of congress was declared unconstitutional in the Dred Scott decision?

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Stephen Douglas

"Little Giant" was a strong supporter in Popular Sovereignty in letting the states decide the issue of slavery

John Sutter

was a Swiss pioneer known for his association with the California gold rush

Panic of 1857

was a financial panic in the United States caused by the declining international economy and over-expansion of the domestic economy

underground railroad

was a network of secret routs and safe houses

Lecompton constitution

was the second of four proposed constitutions for the state of Kansas, written by slave owners

Hinton Helper

wrote "The impending Crisis of the South, was a critic of slavery

Which of the following parts of the Compromise of 1850 was the most appealing to the North?

Admitting California as a free state

John Fremont

An American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, which is considered to be the most influential book of its day.

John Crittenden

Author of the Crittenden Ammendments

"The Great Compromiser"

Clay was called this because he played a major role in formulating the three landmark sectional compromises of his day: the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Tariff Compromise of 1833, and the Compromise of 1850.

Lewis Cass

Democratic senator from Michigan who proposed popular sovereignty

Dred Scot v. Sandford

Dred Scott was a slave that sued for his freedom. ruled against Scott claiming African Americans were not citizens and therefore could not sue in courts. this ruled that the Missouri Comp was unconstitutional and that the government could not prohibit slavery in the territories.

Describe the issues surrounding the Dred Scott Supreme Court case of 1857. What was the effect of this decision on the nation?

Dred Scott was a slave who travelled to a free state with his master. When his master died, he tried to sue Missouri for his freedom and lost. The court ruled that African Americans were not citizens, but rather property, and could not sue in the courts. It also ruled that the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional and and the government could not prohibit slavery in the territories.

Crimean War

Eastern War of 1853-1856, Russia lost the alliance with France. Stopped U.S. trade

Examine the important repercussions of John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry.

He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. Northerners thought of John Brown as a martyr to the abolitionist cause. Southerners were terrified that if John Brown almost got away with this, there must be others like him in the North who are willing to die to end slavery. South's outcome: To leave the U.S. and start their own country.

Explore the importance of nativism to U.S. politics in the 1850s.

I don't know this.. If anyone wants to help me that would be great!

Free-soil Party

Its main purpose was opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories, arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery.

Franklin Pierce

Northern President who was strongly support by Southern Democrats in 1852 because he supported the Fugitive Slave Law.

Which of the following parts of the Compromise of 1850 was the most appealing to the South?

Passing a new fugitive slave law

An increase in which of the following was the key part of the Kansas-Nebraska Act to attract Southern support?

Popular sovereignty

Which of the following ideas is Douglas appealing to when he says, "whether the people of the territories shall be allowed to do as they please upon the question of slavery"?

Popular sovereignty

"Black Republicans"

Republicans that support abolition and equality.

Chief Justice Taney's basic ruling in the Dred Scott case was based on which of the following principles?

Since slaves were property, they could not sue

"Bleeding Kansas"

bc slavery would now be decided by popular sovereignty, people both for and against slavery moved to Kansas which led to violence. the sack of the town of Lawrence, Brook-Sumner Episode, and the Pottawatomie Massacre led to "Bleeding Kansas"

Kansas-Nebraska Act

created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement, and had the effect of repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing white male settlers in those territories to determine through popular sovereignty whether they would allow slavery

Millard Fillmore

former president who was strongly supported by the Know-Nothing Party.

Compromise of 1850

introduced by Henry Clay. included: 1. California as a free state but the Mexican cession would be a slave territory. 2. government would assume Texas's outstanding debts. 3. New Mexico wins boundary dispute. 4. abolition of slave trade in DC. 5. new stronger fugitive slave law.

James Buchanan

nominated by the Democratic party in the 1856 presidential election

Free soil movement

opposed the expansion of slavery into the new territories, arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery.

Crittenden Compromise

proposed by John Crittenden. his proposal was to appease the South. 1. slavery would be prohibited north of 36 30. 2. would be protected South of the line in present and future states. 3. future states would be based on popular sovereignty. Lincoln rejected the compromise bc his election platform opposed slavery.

Wilmot Proviso

proposed slavery be prohibited in any territory acquired by Mexico.