Chapter 14: Families, Lifestyles, and Parenting

Adoption

Social and legal process by which a parent-child relationship is established between persons unrelated at birth

Maltreated children are at ____ risk of for violent behavior towards adults

higher

A major change in families is because of ____ of Latino and Asian families

immigration

Divorce rate has been ____ in 1981 and then _____ since then

increasing, decreasing

Firstborns are the most

intelligent, achieving, and conscientious

Children raised by gay or lesbian parents are ___________ popular and well-adjusted compared to children raised by heterosexual parents.

just as likely to be

Children of working mothers engage in _____ gender stereotyping and hold more egalitarian views than children of mothers who stay at home.

less

Higher rates of divorce seen in those who ____ together before marriage

live

Stacy's parents are encouraged to visit the her school to speak with her teachers about the progress she is making in all of her classes. The interaction between Stacy's parents and teachers is an example of what system?

mesosystem

Older adults are more _____ in their relationships than middle-aged adults

more

In remarriages, divorces are ______ in first marriages

more common than

Nurturing fondness and admiration

partners sing each other's praises

What has been an added goal of most marriages in the last 70 years?

personal fulfillment

The new model emphasizes that most parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than intense and that the moderate conflict can serve a ____ function

positive

Parents can be ________ of opportunities for their children's activities, and managing the activities in which the child participates.

regulators

Which two areas are families most similar

religion and politics

According to a study by Joseph Allen and his colleagues, _______ attached adolescents were less likely to be involved in juvenile delinquency and drug use.

securely

Three ways for adoption

(1) domestic adoption from the public welfare system, (2) domestic infant adoption through private agencies and intermediaries (3) international adoption

Two treatments were effective in reducing child maltreatment

(1) home visitation that emphasized improved parenting, coping with stress, and increasing support for the mother (2) parent-infant psychotherapy that focused on improving maternal-infant attachment

Common stepfamily structure

(1) stepfather, (2) stepmother, and (3) blended or complex

When a marriage ends, the divorced person can expect to experience which of the following?

*Anxiety *Loneliness *Decreased self esteem

Select all of the following that are causes for divorce according to men.

*Cheating *Different values, lifestyles *Just fell out of love

According to Judy Dunn, there are three important characteristics of sibling relationships:

*Emotional quality of the relationship. *Familiarity and intimacy of the relationship. *Variation of the relationship

According to research by Hetherington and Stanley-Hagen, which of the following are possible reasons that parent should stay in unhappy, conflicted marriages?

*If conflict among family members would increase after the divorce *If conflict between the couple would increase after the divorce *If parenting would become more inept after the divorce

What are the common parental reactions to siblings having a verbal or physical confrontation?

*Intervening and helping resolve *Doing nothing *Admonishing or threatening

The responsibilities of helping both adolescent or young adults and aging parents is called the _______ generation.

*Overload *Sandwich *Squeezed

Which of the following are the three prominent meanings attached to being a grandparent, as described by researchers?

*Source of biological reward and continuity *Remote relationship *Source of emotional fulfillment

A study revealed that YOUNG adults' main reasons for cohabiting are which of the following?

*Spending time together *Evaluate compatibility *Share expenses

Which key elements are important to improving the adjustment of children of divorce?

*The use of the authoritative parenting style *A harmonious relationship between the divorced parents

What are some of the reasons older adult cohabit?

*To maintain separate assets *For companionship

Gottman found that which of the following principles determine whether a marriage will work or not?

*Turning toward each other *Nurturing fondness and admiration *Letting your partner influence you *Establishing love maps *Overcoming gridlock

Baumrind argued that parents should NOT:

*leave children to make their own rules *Be punitive or aloof

Factors that contribute to child maltreatment

-Culture -Family -Development

_______ of same-sex couples are raising children under the age of 18 in the United States

20%

What percentage of gay male couples are parents in the United States

23%

In one study ___ percent of children from stepfamilies showed adjustment problems compared with ___ percent in intact, never-divorced families

25%, 10%

Custodial mothers experience the loss of about ____ to ____ of their predivorce income, in comparison with a loss of only _____ by custodial fathers

25%-50% 10%

In 2014, the average age of women giving birth was

26

In the United States, ___% report spanking frequently

26

What percentage of lesbian couples are parents?

33%

What percentage of parents who were abused as a child end up abusing their children?

33%

Between what ages do sibling conflicts tend to decrease in frequency?

5 to 7 years of age

What percentage of first marriages divorce within 20 years

50%

In 2014, ____% of U.S. adults over 65 years of age were married

58.6%

Spanking can cause

A child to: -avoid -imitate -fear

Match the dimensions to the corresponding parenting style A. Authoritarian B. Neglectful C. Authoritative D. Indulgent

A. Rejecting, unresponsive, demanding, controlling B. Rejecting, unresponsive, undemanding, uncontrolling C. Accepting, responsive, demanding, controlling D. Accepting, responsive, undemanding, uncontrolling

Which is NOT a helpful guideline when communicating with your children about divorce?

The parents should not explain separation until it is over

coparenting

The support that parents provide one another in jointly raising a child

How can everyday conflict benefit an adolescence development?

They can facilitate an adolescent's transition from being dependent on a parent to being autonomous person

multiple developmental trajectories

Refers to the fact that adults follow one trajectory or pattern of development and children another one.

Which country has the highest divorce rate?

Russia

Successful outcome for emerging adults?

Separation from their peers without completing cutting ties?

empty nest syndrome

View that a decline in marital satisfaction occurs when children leave home; however, research indicates that for most parents there is an upswing in marital satisfaction when children are launched into an adult life

Married men were more likely to be involved with which family group?

Wive's kin

Maltreated young children in foster care were more likely to show

abnormal stress hormone levels

When referring to abuse and neglect, the public and many professionals use the term "child _______;" whereas developmentalists increasingly use the term "child ________."

abuse;maltreatment

Most parents are confronted with a child's need for ______ and ______ during adolescence

autonomy and responsibility

Parents see their teenager slipping from their grasp. They may have an urge to assert stronger control as the adolescent seeks

autonomy and responsibility

Married individuals had the ____ cardiovascular profile and single men the ____

best; worst

Major contributor to mothers being more negative, coercive, and retaining after firstborn child

birth of second child

The majority of sibling relationships in adulthood have been found to be ___

close

A survey by AARP (2004) of more than 1 million 40- to 79-year-olds who were divorced at least once in their forties, fifties, or sixties found that staying married because of _____ was the main reason many people took so long to become divorced

their children

Ruth Chao suggests that authoritarian child-rearing style, which involves domineering control, is best conceptualized as a type of _______ in Asian American parenting.

training

More than one of every ____ U.S. mothers with a child under the age of 5 is in the labor force

two

Parent-Adolescent Conflict

Emerges in EARLY adolescence, particularly with daughters who mature early, and more with mothers than fathers Adolescents, both male and female, believe they should be granted privileges of adult status earlier than parents do

Critics of Baumrind's parenting style research would say

Her parenting style only reflects North Americans

Cohabitation

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married

the _______-______ grandparents saw their grandchildren more frequently, provided more support for the grandchildren and their parents, and had more satisfying relationships with their grandchildren

Mexican American

______ includes supervising adolescents' choice of social settings, activities, and friends as well as their academic efforts

Monitoring

Most child maltreatment is done from whom?

Parents

_____ fulfillment both inside and outside marriage has emerged as a goal that competes with marital stability.

Personal

The social system of the family has ____ and ____ effects on members

direct, indirect

When 21,000 adults aged 40 to 79 in 21 countries were asked, "When you think of who you are, you think mainly of:" and they answered

family

Select all of the following that reflect sociocultural influence on the family processes

famine war mass integration

Drawbacks in cohabiting: men were more concerned about their loss of _____ while women were more concerned about delays in _____.

freedom; getting married.

Research finds that about half of committed ________ (gay/lesbian) couples have an open relationship that allows for sex outside the relationship, but few ______ (gay/lesbian) couples have this sort of relationship.

gay; lesbian

The process of attaining autonomy during adolescence is a(n) ___ one

gradual

Description of only child that is usually accurate

has a desirable personality