Chapter 14: young adulthood, social, emotional and career development

counselors should realize

1. carreer devleopment theories cannot be univerisally applied 2. carreer decisions that promote automoy and are based on individula desires and needs are not always valued by collectivisitic cultures. 3. not all indivduals have the economic means to pursue a career that fulfills their personal intersts 4. hard work does not ensure one will get a good job 5. work may not play a central role in a person's life and define who they are 6. the career development process may nor be linear

6 personality and work environment types

1. realistic 2. invetigative 3. artistic 4. social 5. enterprising 6. conventional people should match their personality type to their work environment. Holland said that if you could match these things you would do well in your career.

Trait and type theory: career selection process

1. self understanding 2. information about the world of work 3. integration

six tenets that don't apply to minorities

1. unverisality 2, individualism and autonomy 3. afflunece 4. myth of meritocracy 5. salience of work in people's lives 6. linearity

Gould's evolution of adult consciousness

adult personality occurs through 6 stages but which individulas move from childhood consciounous to adult consciousness. Childhood is related to dependence whereas adult is seen as independence.

Developmental Tasks

can be thought of as assignments that individuals are expected to complete during a specific period in their life. young adulthood has 7 developmental tasks: selection of a mate, learning to live with a partner, starting a family, raising children, managing a home, starting an occupation, assuming civic responsiblities.

Affectionate love

companionate love, the type of live you feel for a close friends or family member. affectionate love will sustain the relationship longer.

Vocational self concept

develops from experience and will change throughout the lifespan. a person's vocational self concpet emerges from one's broader sense of identity and includes ideas about which charactersitics of the self are congruent with the requiremnets of the occupation.

Family lifecycle

explains the changes in families are required to adapt to over time. The family cycle consists of eight stages: married couples, childbearing families, families with preschool children, families with school children, families with teens, families as launching centers, middle aged parents, and aging family members.

Dimensions of maturity: Allport

extension of self, relating warmly to others, emotional security, realistic perception, possession of skills and competencies, knoweldge of self, establishing a unifying philosophy on life.

School to work programs

found in high schools and they combine classroom based education with practical work experiences. collborative relationship between school and local businesses.

Role overload

having more family and work demands than time needed to fulfill them and conflicts between work and family responsibilities.

fearful-avoidant attachment

high anxiety and high avoidance. believing that they will ultimately be rejected. this disturst causes these people to avoid growing close to people

preoccupied attachment

high anxiety and low avoidance. they desire to form intimate relationships with others but are very afraid of being rejected. May need constant reassurance from their partner

the occurrence of mental disorders...

increases. nearly 75% of all mental disorders are diagnosed by age 24.

double track career patterns

increasingly common among women today. 62% of mothers were employed full time in 2002. Working women still take on more of the child care responsibilties and house tasks than men.

Depression

invovles signifincant degree of sadness over an extended period of time. Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders in USA and the incident of this disorder ineceases during young adulthood. 1 in 4 adults experiences a depressive episode between the ages of 18-25

Schizophrenia

is a chronic and severe mental disorder that is characterized by a breakdown in thought processes and perceptions. This disorder triggers debilitating symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, blunted affect, and avolition (lack of desire to work toward goals). symptoms emerge around 20-28

cohabitation

living with a sexual partner outside of marriage.

Dismissive avoidant attachment

low anxiety, and high avoidance. they believe others are unreliable and as a result, tend to be self sufficient. they are also not concerned with whether they are accepted by others.

Romantic love

passionate love, is often associated with being in love with someone. This type of live invovles complex emotions such as passion anger joy jealousy and fear. it is also linked to sensual feelings infatuation and sexual desire. likely to start the relationship but will not sustain it.

rates of divorce are prevalent in

people with a lower income and fewer of the resources that are needed to estblaish a household young adults who marry in their late teens and early 20s couple who rely solely on each other for emotional support women whose parenst divorced when they were little.

Three major majors that influence the degree to which people are attracted to each other...

proximity, similarity, physical attraction

Erikson: Intimacy vs. Isolation

reaching out to other people to make connections and form intimate relationships. They must reslove the identity vs role confusion in order to properly adjust to this stage of development. They need to have a stronge sense of self before merging with another person. isolation, invovles not being ablw to risk one's idenity in order to form intimate relationships.

Open marriages

refer to marriages in which both partners agreed that the other may engage in sexual relationships with other individuals. these marriages are built on opennes and trust. swingers- are partners in a committed relationship who mutually agree to engage in sexual activities with other liked minded people as a social interaction.

Career interests

refer to preferences that individuals have for particular life activites. indidviduals may verbally express their interests in a conversation or a class or their interets may be manifested through the activities they engage in.

Adult attachment styles

refer to unique patterns of thinking feeling and behaving in intimate relationships that are influenced by early attachment experiences with caregivers. the attachment syles reflect the degree to which people 1. avoid intimacy and being dependent on others 2. experience anxiety about being rejected and or abandoned by others

Interpersonal attraction

refers to the attraction between two people that leads to the development of an intimate relationship. Attraction arises from our desire to form and mantain close affectionate relationships with others.

Sexual dysfunction

refers to the multidimensional health issues that results from biological, psyhcological and interpersonal factors.

Social clock

refers to the societal norms that dictate the age by which certain life events should occur. young adults are considered on time if key life events are experienced at a normative age, off time adults experience key events at the nonnormative age.

Work values

reflect what a person needs to be present in the work environment in order to find satisfaction with their job. the majority of young adults who just started work are more value more extrensic rewards at work. As they go along longer they realize they have intrinsic as well as alturistic goals.

Secure attachment

secure people have low anxiety and avoidance believing that their partner will be kinds and attentive to needs.

Successful marriages

senstivity toward one another, their ability to be empathetic, and their communication and conflict resolution skills. Egalitratian relationships fare better. Premartial counseling is also an important factor.

Infertiity

the inability to conceive after having sex without birth control for one year

Consummate love

the most complete form of live it occurs when all three dimensions of love- passion, intimacy, and committment- exist in a relationship. How young adults define love is significantly shaped by cultural values.

Life structure: Levinson's seasons of a man's life

the underlying partner of design of a person's life at a given time. Changes in a man occur as he progresses through 6 different devlepmental stages.

Planned happenstance

theory is the work of Krumboltz and his associates and recognizes the importance of unplanned, chance events in people's vocational lives. it is not necessary to plan your career in advance. instead young adults should take advantage of unplanned social educational and occupational eents that come their way.

Vocational Education

which is also known as career and technical education prepares young adults for nonacadmeic careers related to a specific trade.